Fig. 1

Schematic representation of CAV VP3 with different deletions and changes to VP2 (not drawn to scale). a A leucine-rich sequence (LRS) is located at residues 33–46. Nuclear localization signal 1 (NLS1) is located at residues 82–88. Nuclear export signal (NES) is located at residues 97–105. NLS2 is located at residues 111–121. Rescued virus rCAV-VP3N88 is deleted at NES–NLS2 and rescued virus rCAV-VP3N80 is deleted at NLS1–NES–NLS2. b The stop codon of ‘UGA’ is introduced in VP3 to construct rCAV-VP3N88. However, this stop codon will not introduced into VP2 because they are in different frames. And only making an amino acid substitution of ‘A’ with a ‘V’ in VP2. Similarly, the stop codon of ‘UAA’ is introduced in VP3 to construct rCAV-VP3N80. And resulting an amino acid substitution of ‘S’ with a ‘L’ in VP2. These VP3 truncated mutant viurses express the full length VP2 as the parental virus