Figure 4

Antiviral activity of S. maurus palmatus venom against dengue virus, measles virus and influenza virus. (A) Dengue virus and measles virus that had been treated with S. maurus palmatus venom (30 and 60 μg/ml) for 2 hr or left untreated as a control were inoculated to Vero/SLAM cells and cultivated for 24 hr. The number of virus-infected cells was determined by immunofluorescence and plaque assays and the percentages compared to the untreated control calculated. Data represent means ± SD of the data obtained from triplicate cultures. ‡, ~0.2% of the control. (B) Influenza virus and HCV that had been treated with S. maurus palmatus venom (30 and 60 μg/ml) for 2 hr or left untreated were inoculated to MDCK and Huh7.5 cells, respectively. The number of virus-infected cells was determined by immunofluorescence analysis and the percentages of the numbers of virus-infected cells compared to the untreated control calculated. Data represent means ± SEM of the data obtained from two independent experiments. *, P <0.05; †, P <0.001, compared with the untreated control. §, <0.01% of the control.