Table 5 TNF-α and IL-6 protein concentrations in MDCK culture supernatants (pg/ml) after 72 hr exposure
TNF-α | IL-6 | |
|---|---|---|
Treatment | Concentration (Mean ± SD) | Concentration (Mean ± SD) |
Negative control | 3.94 ± 0.01 | 2.33 ± 0.00 |
HESA-A | 2.58 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 0.00 |
Virus | 12.88 ± 0.00* | 21.67 ± 0.01* |
Co-penetration | 0.45 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 |
Pre-penetration | 3.03 ± 0.01 | 4.00 ± 0.00 |
Post-penetration | 3.64 ± 0.00 | 5.00 ± 0.00 |