Figure 5

Quantitive real-time PCR of influenza viral RNA levels normalized to GAPDH. MDCK cells were infected with 0.01 MOI influenza viruses. After 1 h, viruses were removed. MDCK cells were treated with DMSO (0.5%), AK-3 (20 μ g/mL) and Tamiflu (10 μ M). Total RNA extraction was performed at 3 h and 18 h after influenza virus infection and the levels of intracellular influenza viral RNA were measured. Influenza viral RNA levles normalized to GAPDH. (A) A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) (*** p < 0.01), (B) A/Chicken/Korea/MS96/96 (H9N2) (* p < 0.05).