Table 5 Children with ALRI positive and negative for respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR
Variables | Virus positive (n = 106) | Virus negative (n = 195) | p value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Median age (Mo) | 12 (1–72) | 10 (1–61) | 0.36 | - |
Sex M:F | 74:32 (2.3:1) | 143:52 (2.8:1) | 0.51 | 1.2 (0.68, 2.1) |
Clinical symptoms | ||||
Cough | 102 | 183 | 0.43 | 3.1 (0.99, 1.25) |
Difficulty in breathing | 70 | 113 | 0.17 | 1.4 (0.84, 2.4) |
Runny nose | 50 | 70 | 0.05 | 1.6 (0.96, 2.6) |
Sore throat | 5 | 2 | 0.10 | 4.8 (0.76, 51.2) |
Fever | 88 | 159 | 0.74 | 1.1 (0.57, 2.2) |
Hoarseness | 6 | 6 | 0.27 | 1.9 (0.49, 7.3) |
Asthma | 7 | 7 | 0.23 | 1.9 (0.55, 6.5) |
Grunting | 3 | 5 | 0.99 | 1.1 (0.17–5.8) |
Nasal flaring | 13 | 18 | 0.40 | 1.4 (0.59–3.1) |
Stridor | 3 | 5 | 0.99 | 1.1 (0.17–5.8) |
Chest indrawing | 40 | 80 | 0.57 | 0.87 (0.52–1.5) |
Cyanosis | 5 | 7 | 0.63 | 1.3 (0.32, 5.0) |
Recurrent pneumonia | 7 | 15 | 0.03 | 4.5 (1.1, 27.6) |
Pneumonia | 84 | 151 | 0.71 | 1.1 (0.60, 2.1) |
Bronchiolitis | 52 | 42 | 0.001 | 3.5 (2.0, 6.0) |
Risk factors | ||||
ARI in family | 51 | 62 | 0.005 | 1.9 (1.2, 3.3) |
Prematurity | 14 | 13 | 0.05 | 0.87 (0.41, 1.8) |
Smokers in family | 36 | 67 | 0.94 | 0.98 (0.58, 1.7) |
Co-morbidity | 19 | 66 | 0.003 | 0.43 (0.23, 0.78) |