Gene expression in primate liver during viral hemorrhagic fever

Table 1 Macaque liver tissues used for transcriptome analyses

Liver samples	AST/ALT^d	Glucose^e	Triglycerides^f	Virus titer^g
Uninfected controls
Rh Ctrl7	38/65	74	65	<10²
Rh Ctrl8	24/53	79	61	<10²
Rh Ctrl9	47/71	87	77	<10²
LCMV-WE1-Pre-viremic
Rh 1WE (day 1)^a	44/61	53	27	<10²
Rh 2WE (day 1)	63/54	58	30	<10²
Rh 3WE (day 2)	59/37	60	18	<10²
Rh 5WE (day 3)	27/71	62	37	<10²
LCMV-WE2-Viremic ^b
Rh 6WE (day 4)	96/137	71	33	<10²
Rh 7WE (day 4)	24/38	67	18	<10²
Rh 8WE (day 6)	26/56	54	32	1.4 × 10 ⁴
Rh 9WE (day 6)	125/82	70	31	5.0 × 10 ³
Rh 10WE (day 7)	190/325	66	30	1.5 × 10 ⁶
LCMV-WE3 Terminal
Rh 11WE (day 11)	642/587	30	235	5.5 × 10 ⁵
Rh 12WE (day 12)	1504/681	40	1402	1.0 × 10 ⁶
LCMV-not diseased ^c
Rh 3ARM (day 3)	45/74	70	75	<10²
Rh 5ARM (day 5)	18/40	78	62	<10²
Rh 1ARM/WE-1	52/24	65	79	<10²
Rh 1ARM/WE-5	Not done	Not done	ND	<10²
Rh 2ARM/WE-6	56/34	63	80	<10²
Rh 2ARM/WE-2	Not done	Not done	ND	<10²

^a (day 1) is the day of necropsy after infection. Each sample is from the liver of a different rhesus macaque.
^b Pre-viremic means liver was harvested day 1, day 2 or day 3 after infection; Viremic means liver was harvested day 4 to day 7, and Terminal means liver was harvested day 11 or 12 during the terminal stage of disease. ND = Not done.
^c Animals that were LCMV-infected but not diseased were either infected with LCMV-ARM and sacrificed day 3 or day 5 after infection, or they were infected with LCMV-ARM and LCMV-WE (10³ pfu each virus) and sacrificed on day 30 after infection.
^d AST/ALT means the ratio of plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase to alanyl aminotransferase in international units per liter (IU/L). Normal ranges are AST/ALT = 18–82/22–87 IU/L. Values outside the reference range are bolded.
^e Serum glucose levels are in mg/dL with a reference range of 55–80 mg/dL (Animal Diagnostics Laboratory, Baltimore, MD.)
^f Serum triglyceride levels have a reference range of 50–82 mg/dL. Other parameters derived from blood analysis include red blood cells, hemoglobin levels and cholesterol levels which were all within normal ranges for all samples.
^g Virus was titered on Vero cell monolayers as described [2], and given as plaque forming units per gram of liver tissue. Samples in the viremic group that had undetectable titers (<10² pfu/gm) were positive for virus nucleic acid by RT-PCR and virus co-cultivation as described previously [3].

ISSN: 1743-422X