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Figure 1 | Virology Journal

Figure 1

From: H5-based DNA constructs derived from selected highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus induce high levels of humoral antibodies in Muscovy ducks against low pathogenic viruses

Figure 1

Compared serological responses following immunization with different H5 DNA constructs. HI test (left) and VN test (right) were performed against LP H5N2 A/duck/France/05057b/2005 [20, 21]: geometric mean titres (log2) are displayed with corresponding standard deviations (error bar). A dashed line indicates the positivity threshold (≥4 log2) in HI test, and the detection threshold (≥3 log2) in VN test. The number of positive sera in HI test and of detected sera in VN test, over the total number of testable sera, is given above the corresponding bar for each group. For a given histogram, bars with different capital letters are statistically different, using Student-Newman-Keuls test following GLM procedure (SAS version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) at risk α = 0.05. For the overall analysis of variance, p-values are mentioned in brackets above each histogram. For statistical analysis, sera with undetected antibody levels were given an arbitrary integer value immediately below the detection threshold of the respective test: respectively equal to 1 log2 and 2 log2 for HI and VN tests. *: HA in the DNA construct and in the antigen strain are homologous.

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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X