Figure 5
Cytokine responses in needle-inoculated vs. mosquito-inoculated infections. A) IFN-γ. The IFN-γ response (+/− SEM) was significantly higher in the needle inoculated group on days P0 and P1, as indicated by *. B) TNF-α. Means of serum TNF-α (+/− SEM) were not significantly different between mosquito and needle inoculated mice. C) IL-4. Means of serum IL-4 (+/−SEM) were not significantly different between mosquito and needle inoculated mice.