Articles
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Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:140
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Reciprocal transactivation of Merkel cell polyomavirus and high-risk human papillomavirus promoter activities and increased expression of their oncoproteins
Approximately 15% of human cancers are attributed to viruses. Numerous studies have shown that high-risk human polyomaviruses (HR-HPV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) are two human tumor viruses associate...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:139 -
Transmission frequency of COVID-19 through pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in AJK: a report of 201 cases
The COVID-19 pandemic is a catastrophic global phenomenon, affecting human life in a way unseen since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Effective management of this threat requires halting transmission, a strategy ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:138 -
A study based on four immunoassays: Hepatitis C virus antibody against different antigens may have unequal contributions to detection
All commercial Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) assays use a combination of recombinant antigens to detect antibody response. Antibody responses to individual antigenic regions (core, NS3/4 and NS5) used ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:137 -
The key amino acids of E protein involved in early flavivirus infection: viral entry
Flaviviruses are enveloped viruses that infect multiple hosts. Envelope proteins are the outermost proteins in the structure of flaviviruses and mediate viral infection. Studies indicate that flaviviruses main...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:136 -
Is there a relationship between psoriasis and hepatitis C? A meta-analysis and bioinformatics investigation
The relationship between psoriasis and hepatitis C was previously controversial, so our purpose is to investigate this connection.
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:135 -
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal, blood, urine, and stool samples of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based longitudinal study
The persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the body fluids of patients with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may increase the potential risk of viral tr...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:134 -
Comments on “Detection and identification of enteroviruses circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Pará State, Northern Brazil (2010–2011)”
Investigation of human enterovirus (EV) in diarrheic fecal specimens is valuable to address EV diversity circulating worldwide. However, the detection of EV strains exclusively in fecal specimens must be inter...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:133 -
Relationship between polymorphism of receptor SCARB2 gene and clinical severity of enterovirus-71 associated hand-foot-mouth disease
To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) gene and clinical severity of enterovirus (EV)-71 associated hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:132 -
One-step real-time multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay with melt curve analysis for detection of potato leafroll virus, potato virus S, potato virus X, and potato virus Y
Certification of seed potato as free of viruses is essential for stable potato production. Among more than 30 virus species infecting potato, potato leafroll virus (PLRV), potato virus S (PVS), potato virus X ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:131 -
Impact of joint management of a COVID-19 mother and her newborn on the virus transmission: a case report
Since last year, COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel Sars-Cov-2 virus, has been globally spread to all the world. COVID-19 infection among pregnant women has been described. However, transplacental trans...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:130 -
Efficient translation of Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus N and X genes requires both 5′ and 3′ UTRs
Circularization of RNA mediated by association of translation factors and RNA elements in 5′ and 3′ UTRs is a common feature for translation control in eukaryotes. There is no information about translation in ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:129 -
Correction to: In vitro and in vivo analyses of co‑infections with peste des petits ruminants and capripox vaccine strains
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:128 -
Influenza co-infection associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients
In COVID-19 patients, undetected co-infections may have severe clinical implications associated with increased hospitalization, varied treatment approaches and mortality. Therefore, we investigated the implica...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:127 -
Viral loads, lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in asymptomatic, mildly and critical symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective study
Tens of million cases of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have occurred globally. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) attacks the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and lymph...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:126 -
Identification and characterization of lncRNA AP000253 in occult hepatitis B virus infection
Recent studies suggest that lncRNAs may play significant roles in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, as a special stage of HBV infection, the lncRNA expression in occult HBV infecti...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:125 -
Zoonotic vaccinia virus strains belonging to different genetic clades exhibit immunomodulation abilities that are proportional to their virulence
The vaccinia virus (VACV) isolates, Guarani P1 virus (GP1V) and Passatempo virus (PSTV), were isolated during zoonotic outbreaks in Brazil. Each one of them belongs to two different VACV clades, defined by biolog...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:124 -
Simple rapid in vitro screening method for SARS-CoV-2 anti-virals that identifies potential cytomorbidity-associated false positives
The international SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in an urgent need to identify new anti-viral drugs for treatment of COVID-19. The initial step to identifying potential candidates usually involves in vitro s...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:123 -
Virome of respiratory secretion from children with unknown etiological acute respiratory disease revealed recombinant human parechovirus and other significant viruses
Using viral metagenomics, viral nucleic acid in 30 respiratory secretion samples collected from children with unknown etiological acute respiratory disease were investigated. Sequences showing similarity to hu...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:122 -
Liver injury in COVID-19: clinical features and treatment management
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to many countries around the world. In addition to lung disease, severe cases also displayed varying degrees of liver injury. This articl...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:121 -
A comprehensive review on clinical and mechanistic pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19 Malady: How far have we come?
Since its outbreak in 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, affecting more than 52 million people and causing more than 1 million mortalities globally till date. Current research reve...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:120 -
ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the proteome profiles of MDBK cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) which is caused by Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is an acute, contagious disease. In spite of the use of vaccines and elimination projects, BVDV still causes severe economic l...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:119 -
Temporal phylogeny and molecular characterization of echovirus 30 associated with aseptic meningitis outbreaks in China
An outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred from June to August 2016, in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:118 -
Specific cytokines in the inflammatory cytokine storm of patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and extrapulmonary multiple-organ dysfunction
To date, specific cytokines associated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) in COVID-19 patients have not been systematically descr...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:117 -
Lithium inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and modulate inflammation profiles in Rift valley fever virus-infected Raw 264.7 macrophages
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic life-threatening viral infection endemic across sub-Saharan African countries and the Arabian Peninsula; however, there is a growing panic of its spread to non-ende...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:116 -
Lymphocyte–monocyte–neutrophil index: a predictor of severity of coronavirus disease 2019 patients produced by sparse principal component analysis
It is important to recognize the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in severe conditions from moderate ones, thus more effective predictors should be developed.
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:115 -
Functional cure for chronic hepatitis B: accessibility, durability, and prognosis
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance is regarded as the ideal endpoint for antiviral treatment in terms of drug withdrawal safety and improvements in prognosis. However, the overall rate of HBsAg clea...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:114 -
Combination therapy of zinc and trimethoprim inhibits infection of influenza A virus in chick embryo
Respiratory RNA viruses including influenza virus have been a cause of health and economic hardships. These viruses depend on its host for replication and infection. Influenza virus infection is lethal to the ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:113 -
Genome sequences of human cytomegalovirus strain TB40/E variants propagated in fibroblasts and epithelial cells
The advent of whole genome sequencing has revealed that common laboratory strains of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) have major genetic deficiencies resulting from serial passage in fibroblasts. In particular, tr...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:112 -
CC and CXC chemokines play key roles in the development of polyomaviruses related pathological conditions
It has been reported that polyomaviruses are the microbes which can be a cause of several human pathological conditions including cancers, nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and gynaecolog...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:111 -
Resource-efficient internally controlled in-house real-time PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2
The reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 has become one of the most important contributions to COVID-19 crisis management. With the publication of the first sequences of SARS-CoV-2, several diagnostic PCR assays h...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:110 -
SARS-CoV-2 in hospital indoor environments is predominantly non-infectious
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide and disease prevention is more important than ever. In the absence of a vaccine, knowledge of the transmission routes and risk areas of infection re...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:109 -
Correction to: Comparative analysis of ankyrin (ANK) genes of five capripoxviruses isolate strains from Xinjiang province in China
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:108 -
Brain HIV-1 latently-infected reservoirs targeted by the suicide gene strategy
Reducing the pool of HIV-1 reservoirs in patients is a must to achieve functional cure. The most prominent HIV-1 cell reservoirs are resting CD4 + T cells and brain derived microglial cells. Infected microglia...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:107 -
Phylogenetic evidence of HIV-1 transmission linkage between two men who have sex with men
In China, an HIV-infected man (complainant; P2) alleged that another man (defendant; P1) had unlawfully infected him with HIV through unprotected homosexual contact in 2018.
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:106 -
Advances in HBV infection and replication systems in vitro
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family that has limited tissue and species specificity. Due to the persistence of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in host cell...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:105 -
Comparative analysis of spatial-temporal patterns of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in Africa using genetic data, 2011–2014
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are leading causes of viral severe acute respiratory illnesses in childhood. Both the two viruses belong to the Pneumoviridae family and show ove...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:104 -
Inhibition of herpes simplex virus-1 infection by MBZM-N-IBT: in silico and in vitro studies
The emergence of drug resistance and cross-resistance to existing drugs has warranted the development of new antivirals for Herpes simplex viruses (HSV). Hence, we have designed this study to evaluate the anti...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:103 -
Benefits of treatment with favipiravir in hospitalized patients for COVID-19: a retrospective observational case–control study
Although more than a year past since COVID-19 was defined, there is no specific treatment yet. Since COVID-19 management differs over time, it is hard to determine which therapy is more efficacious. In this st...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:102 -
Intravenous immunoglobulin-based adjuvant therapy for severe COVID-19: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge facing the world. Certain guidelines issued by National Health Commission of the People's Repubilic of China recommend intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:101 -
Development of a triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cassava mosaic disease detection using a monoclonal antibody to Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is one of the most devastating viral diseases for cassava production in Africa and Asia. Accurate yet affordable diagnostics are one of the fundamental tools supporting successful ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:100 -
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 indirect and direct RT-qPCR detection methods
Sensitive, rapid, and accessible diagnostics continue to be critical to track the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. RT-qPCR is the gold standard test, and comparison of methodologies and reagen...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:99 -
A bibliometric review of oncolytic virus research as a novel approach for cancer therapy
In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have drawn attention as a novel therapy to various types of cancers, both in clinical and preclinical cancer studies all around the world. Consequently, researchers hav...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:98 -
Development of an indirect ELISA to specifically detect antibodies against African swine fever virus: bioinformatics approaches
African swine fever (ASF), characterized by acute, severe, and fast-spreading, is a highly lethal swine infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which has caused substantial economic ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:97 -
Molecular-genetic characterization of human parvovirus B19 prevalent in Kerala State, India
Human parvovirus B19V is a DNA virus, and a member of the family Parvoviridae, that causes various clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to persistent infection that is associated with different autoimmune d...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:96 -
Excellent option for mass testing during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: painless self-collection and direct RT-qPCR
The early identification of asymptomatic yet infectious cases is vital to curb the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to control the disease in the post-pandemic era. In this paper, we propose a fast, in...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:95 -
The genetic variability, phylogeny and functional significance of E6, E7 and LCR in human papillomavirus type 52 isolates in Sichuan, China
Variations in human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 have been shown to be closely related to the persistence of the virus and the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Long control region (LCR) of HPV ...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:94 -
Broad respiratory testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 viral co-circulation and inform diagnostic stewardship in the COVID-19 pandemic
SARS-CoV-2 infection can present with a broad clinical differential that includes many other respiratory viruses; therefore, accurate tests are crucial to distinguish true COVID-19 cases from pathogens that do...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:93 -
The basic reproductive number and particle-to-plaque ratio: comparison of these two parameters of viral infectivity
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought more widespread attention to the basic reproductive number (Ro), an epidemiologic measurement. A lesser-known measure of virologic infectivity is the particle-to-plaque ratio (P:...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:92 -
Simultaneous enterovirus EV-D68 and CVA6 infections causing acute respiratory distress syndrome and hand, foot and mouth disease
Although most enterovirus (EV) infections can be asymptomatic, these viral agents can cause serious conditions associated with central nervous system, respiratory disease and uncommon manifestations of hand, f...
Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:88
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- ISSN: 1743-422X (electronic)