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  1. Adenoviruses of primates include human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) isolates classified into 8 species (Human Adenovirus A to G, and Simian Adenovirus A). In this study, a novel adenovirus was isolated from a colo...

    Authors: Carlos Maluquer de Motes, Ayalkibet Hundesa, Francisca C Almeida, Silvia Bofill-Mas and Rosina Girones
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:125
  2. Roseophage RDJLΦ1 is a siphovirus isolated from South China Sea on Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114. Its virion encapsulates 62.7 kb genome that encodes 87 gene products. RDJLΦ1 shares similar genome organization...

    Authors: Sijun Huang, Yongyu Zhang, Feng Chen and Nianzhi Jiao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:124
  3. Cotton leaf curl disease is caused by a geminivirus complex that involves multiple distinct begomoviruses and a disease-specific DNA satellite, cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB), which is essentia...

    Authors: Muhammad Mubin, Mazhar Hussain, Rob W Briddon and Shahid Mansoor
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:122
  4. Marek's disease (MD) is an economically important viral disease of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic herpesvirus. This disease was well controlled since the widespread use of commerc...

    Authors: Mingxing Tian, Yang Zhao, Yan Lin, Nianli Zou, Cheng Liu, Ping Liu, Sanjie Cao, Xintian Wen and Yong Huang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:121
  5. Studies have shown that the VP22 gene of Marek's Disease Virus type-1 (MDV-1) has the property of movement between cells from the original cell of expression into the neighboring cells. The ability to facilita...

    Authors: Hassan Moeini, Abdul Rahman Omar, Raha Abdul Rahim and Khatijah Yusoff
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:119
  6. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major etiological factor of inflammation and damage to the liver resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transcription factors play important roles in the disordered gene expres...

    Authors: Xin Yue, Fang Yang, Yongbo Yang, Yongxin Mu, Wei Sun, Wei Li, Dongping Xu, Jianguo Wu and Ying Zhu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:118
  7. Six nucleotide (nt) insertion in the 5'-noncoding region (NCR) of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of Newcaslte disease virus (NDV) is considered to be a genetic marker for recent genotypes of NDV, which emerged af...

    Authors: Xusheng Qiu, Qing Sun, Shuang Wu, Li Dong, Shunling Hu, Chunchun Meng, Yantao Wu and Xiufan Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:117
  8. Opportunistic Infections (OIs) and co-infections are the major cause of deaths amongst HIV infected individuals and this mostly depends upon the risk factors, type of exposure and geographic region. The common...

    Authors: Kallol Saha, Rushna Firdaus, Poonam Santra, Jyotirmoy Pal, Arnab Roy, Mihir K Bhattacharya, Sekhar Chakrabarti and Provash C Sadhukhan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:116
  9. The pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is not definitely elucidated as the initial interaction between virus and host cell receptors required for JEV infection is not clearly defined yet. Here, ...

    Authors: Tianbing Ding, Wei Zhang, Wenyu Ma and Junping Ren
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:115
  10. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common pathogen in uterus during pregnancy, which may lead to some serious results such as miscarriage, stillbirth, cerebellar malformation, fetus developmental retarda...

    Authors: Liu Tao, Chen Suhua, Chen Juanjuan, Yin Zongzhi, Xiao Juan and Zhang Dandan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:114
  11. T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) represents a novel mechanism of T-cell dysfunction in chronic viral diseases. However, the role of Tim-3 in the pathogenesis of chron...

    Authors: Wei Wu, Yu Shi, Jie Li, Feng Chen, Zhi Chen and Min Zheng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:113
  12. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem throughout world that causes acute and chronic infection which resulted in liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. The only therapy curre...

    Authors: Usman Ali Ashfaq, Muhammad Ansar, Muhammad Tahir Sarwar, Tariq Javed, Sidra Rehman and Sheikh Riazuddin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:112
  13. Chronic viral hepatitis B remains a global public health concern. Currently, several drugs, such as tenofovir and adefovir, are recommended for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. tenofovir is a nu...

    Authors: Shu-Shan Zhao, Lan-Hua Tang, Xia-Hong Dai, Wei Wang, Rong-Rong Zhou, Li-Zhang Chen and Xue-Gong Fan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:111
  14. The pathogenicity of Saffold virus (SAFV) among humans still remains unclear, although it was identified as a novel human cardiovirus in 2007. In order to encourage the molecular pathogenetic studies of SAFV, ...

    Authors: Toshiki Himeda, Takushi Hosomi, Naeem Asif, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Takako Okuwa, Yasushi Muraki and Yoshiro Ohara
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:110
  15. Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The current study was conducted to assess whether colostrum containing rotavirus-specific antibodies (Gastrogard-R®)...

    Authors: Karen Knipping, Monica M McNeal, Annelies Crienen, Geert van Amerongen, Johan Garssen and Belinda van't Land
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:109
  16. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). It causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry. The ...

    Authors: Yongqiang Wang, Zhonghui Kang, Honglei Gao, Yulong Gao, Liting Qin, Huan Lin, Fei Yu, Xiaole Qi and Xiaomei Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:108
  17. Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a significant cause of acute encephalitis and deaths in young children. The clinical manifestations caused by EV71 varied from mild hand, foot and mouth disease to se...

    Authors: Jian-Feng Han, Rui-Yuan Cao, Yong-Qiang Deng, Xue Tian, Tao Jiang, E-De Qin and Cheng-Feng Qin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:106
  18. Studies of the molecular epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in health care workers (HCWs) of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region are scarce. Lack of awareness about the transmission of H...

    Authors: Sanaullah Khan, Sobia Attaullah, Sultan Ayaz, Shahid Niaz Khan, Sumaira Shams, Ijaz Ali, Muhammad Bilal and Sami Siraj
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:105
  19. PHYVV and PepGMV are plant viruses reported in Mexico and Southern US as causal agents of an important pepper disease known as "rizado amarillo". Mixed infections with PHYVV and PepGMV have been reported in se...

    Authors: Ilenia Rentería-Canett, Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares, Roberto Ruiz-Medrano and Rafael F Rivera-Bustamante
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:104
  20. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but very aggressive human malignancy of elderly or immunosuppressed patients. Clonal integration of a new human polyomavirus, the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), has bee...

    Authors: Francesca Paolini, Pietro Donati, Ada Amantea, Stefania Bucher, Emilia Migliano and Aldo Venuti
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:103
  21. In Pakistan, there are estimated 7-9 million carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a carrier rate of 3-5%. This article reviews the available literature about the prevalence, risk factors, awareness status ...

    Authors: Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Idrees, Liaqat Ali, Abrar Hussain, Irshad Ur Rehman, Sana Saleem, Samia Afzal and Sadia Butt
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:102
  22. Rabies virus (RABV) can infect many different species of warm-blooded animals. Glycoprotein G plays a key role in viral pathogenicity and neurotropism, and includes antigenic domains that are responsible for m...

    Authors: Ke-shan Zhang, Jian-hong Guo, Zhuo-fei Xu, Min Xiang, Bin Wu and Huan-chun Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:101
  23. The West Nile virus (WNV) capsid (C) protein is one of the three viral structural proteins, encapsidates the viral RNA to form the nucleocapsid, and is necessary for nuclear and nucleolar localization. The ant...

    Authors: En-Cheng Sun, Jing Zhao, Tao Yang, Ni-Hong Liu, Hong-Wei Geng, Yong-Li Qin, Ling-Feng Wang, Zhi-Gao Bu, Yin-Hui Yang, Ross A Lunt, Lin-Fa Wang and Dong-Lai Wu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:100
  24. Mimivirus, a giant dsDNA virus infecting Acanthamoeba, is the prototype of the mimiviridae family, the latest addition to the family of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs). Its 1.2 Mb-genome was init...

    Authors: Matthieu Legendre, Sébastien Santini, Alain Rico, Chantal Abergel and Jean-Michel Claverie
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:99
  25. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sampling has been considered an inventive and novel method for the isolation of respiratory viruses.

    Authors: Lieselot Houspie, Sarah De Coster, Els Keyaerts, Phouthalack Narongsack, Rikka De Roy, Ive Talboom, Maura Sisk, Piet Maes, Jannick Verbeeck and Marc Van Ranst
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:98
  26. Since the beginning of the 20th century, humans have experienced four influenza pandemics, including the devastating 1918 'Spanish influenza'. Moreover, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses ar...

    Authors: Kyoko Shinya, Tadashi Okamura, Setsuko Sueta, Noriyuki Kasai, Motoko Tanaka, Teridah E Ginting, Akiko Makino, Amie J Eisfeld and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:97
  27. Pakistan is a highly endemic area for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterize strains of HEV in two mini outbreaks.

    Authors: Tahir Iqbal, Muhammad Idrees, Liaqat Ali, Abrar Hussain, Muhammad Ali, Sadia Butt, Muhammad Zubair Yousaf and Muhammad Farooq Sabar
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:94
  28. The virulence of A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (VN1194) in mice attenuated after serial passages in MDCK cells and chicken embryos, because the enriched large-plaque variants of the virus had significantly reduced virul...

    Authors: Jing Li, Bohua Liu, Guohui Chang, Yi Hu, Dawei Zhan, Yukun Xia, Yongqiang Li, Yinhui Yang and Qingyu Zhu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:93
  29. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a causative agent of acute respiratory disease, which is prevalent throughout the world. Recently there are some reports which found that the HAdV-3 and HAdV-5 genomes were very stab...

    Authors: Xiaobo Su, Xingui Tian, Qiwei Zhang, Haitao Li, Xiao Li, Huiying Sheng, Youshao Wang, Houbo Wu and Rong Zhou
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:91
  30. The objective of this study was to compare intravaginal (ivg) and subcutaneous (sc) administration of the guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) in pregnant and non-pregnant guinea pigs. These studies tested the h...

    Authors: Megan J Olejniczak, K Yeon Choi, Michael A McVoy, Xiaohong Cui and Mark R Schleiss
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:89
  31. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the major swine pathogen associated with Porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Currently, there are 4 s...

    Authors: Tippawan Jantafong, Alongkot Boonsoongnern, Pariwat Poolperm, Kitcha Urairong, Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk and Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:88
  32. Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is an uncommon but distinct variant of aplastic anemia in which pancytopenia appears two to three months after an acute attack of hepatitis. HAAA occurs most frequen...

    Authors: Bisma Rauff, Muhammad Idrees, Shahida Amjad Riaz Shah, Sadia Butt, Azeem M Butt, Liaqat Ali, Abrar Hussain, Irshad-ur-Rehman and Muhammad Ali
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:87
  33. ELISA is still used as primary test for diagnosis HBV disease. However, ELISA-positive patients were marked as HBV inactive after confirmation with PCR and vice versa. Our aim was to assess the performance of ...

    Authors: Bushra Ijaz, Waqar Ahmad, Fouzia T Javed, Sana Gull and Sajida Hassan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:86
  34. In order to effectively identify the vaccine and field strains of Canine distemper virus (CDV), a new differential diagnostic test has been developed based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (R...

    Authors: Fengxue Wang, Xijun Yan, Xiuli Chai, Hailing Zhang, Jianjun Zhao, Yongjun Wen and Wei Wu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:85
  35. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections continue to cause significantly losses in the deer population. Better isolation and identification of BVDV from sika deer may contribute significantly to the devel...

    Authors: Yugang Gao, Shijie Wang, Rui Du, Quankai Wang, Changjiang Sun, Nan Wang, Pengju Zhang and Lianxue Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:83
  36. Previous studies have indicated that the VP19c protein and its homology play similar roles in capsid assembly of all Alphaherpesvirus subfamily. However, there is no report on the VP19c protein of duck enteritis ...

    Authors: Jun Xiang, Shunchuan Zhang, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Hua Chang, Chanjuan Shen, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Qihui Luo, Zhengli Chen and Xiaoyue Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:82
  37. Information on the replication of viral haemorrhagic fever viruses is not readily available and has never been analysed in a comparative approach. Here, we compared the cell culture growth characteristics of h...

    Authors: Manfred Weidmann, Amadou A Sall, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Lamine Koivogui, Aime Adjami, Faye Fatou Traoré, Kjell-Olof Hedlund, Gunnel Lindegren and Ali Mirazimi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:81
  38. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, leading to an acute encephalitis and damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism of JEV pathogenesis is still unclear. DNA microa...

    Authors: Yang Yang, Jing Ye, Xiaohong Yang, Rong Jiang, Huanchun Chen and Shengbo Cao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:80
  39. An outbreak of echovirus 5 (ECV 5) occurred in Korea in 2006, marking the first time this virus had been identified in the country since enterovirus surveillance began in 1993. Using a sample isolated from a y...

    Authors: Kwisung Park, Jaehyoung Song, Kyoungah Baek, Changgyun Lee, Donguk Kim, SamHyun Cho, JoonSoo Park, YoungJin Choi, Byunghak Kang, Hwajung Choi and Doo-Sung Cheon
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:79
  40. Hepatitis B vaccine adjuvant, alum, is generally used for vaccination although it does not stimulate Th1 immunity and 10% of the population has low or no antibody response. Efforts have been continued to find ...

    Authors: Xiancheng Zhang, Peng He, Zhongyu Hu, Xingtai Wang and Zhenglun Liang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:78
  41. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock which causes severe economic loss in cloven-hoofed animals. Vaccination is still a major strategy in developing countries to control FMD...

    Authors: Yimei Cao, Zengjun Lu, Pu Sun, Yuanfang Fu, Feipeng Tian, Xiaofang Hao, Huifang Bao, Xiangtao Liu and Zaixin Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:77
  42. Although entacavir and adefovir were widely used in most Asian countries, there were few conclusions drawn from a meta-analysis for comparing the efficacy between entecavir and adefovir in nucleos(t)ide-naïve ...

    Authors: Pan Zhao, Weiwei Liu, Jun Zhao and Qun Guan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:75