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  1. Bacteriophage T4 initiates DNA replication from specialized structures that form in its genome. Immediately after infection, RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) occur on (at least some) replication origins, with the ann...

    Authors: Kenneth N Kreuzer and J Rodney Brister
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:358
  2. A TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV). Two primers and a TaqMan probe for the non-structural protein NS1 gene were designed. T...

    Authors: Cuiping Song, Chao Zhu, Chaofan Zhang and Shangjin Cui
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:353
  3. The pre-fusion form of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) fusion protein gB undergoes pH-triggered conformational change in vitro and during viral entry (Dollery et al., J. Virol. 84:3759-3766, 2010). The antigenic s...

    Authors: Carlos R Siekavizza-Robles, Stephen J Dollery and Anthony V Nicola
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:352
  4. During rotavirus replication cycle, electron-dense cytoplasmic inclusions named viroplasms are formed, and two non-structural proteins, NSP2 and NSP5, have been shown to localize in these membrane-free structu...

    Authors: José J Carreño-Torres, Michelle Gutiérrez, Carlos F Arias, Susana López and Pavel Isa
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:350
  5. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus, which causes malignant lymphoma in chickens. The Meq protein of MDV, which is expressed abundantly in MDV-infected cells and in Marek's disease (MD) tum...

    Authors: Xufang Deng, Xiangdong Li, Yang Shen, Yafeng Qiu, Zixue Shi, Donghua Shao, Yamei Jin, Hongjun Chen, Chan Ding, Li Li, Puyan Chen and Zhiyong Ma
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:348
  6. The complete nucleotide sequences of three chimpanzee polyomavirus genetic variants were determined. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viruses form two different genotypes of ChPyV. Comparison with othe...

    Authors: Ilona Deuzing, Zahra Fagrouch, Marlous J Groenewoud, Henk Niphuis, Ivanela Kondova, Willy Bogers and Ernst J Verschoor
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:347
  7. Historically, Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype III (GIII) has been responsible for human diseases. In recent years, JEV genotype I (GI) has been isolated from mosquitoes collected in numerous countri...

    Authors: Lihua Wang, Shihong Fu, Hailin Zhang, Xufang Ye, Deshan Yu, Zhang Deng, Jun Yuan, Yougang Zhai, Minghua Li, Zhi Lv, Weixin Chen, Hongyue Jiang, Xiaoyan Gao, Yuxi Cao, Huanyu Wang, Qing Tang…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:345
  8. Influenza pandemic remains a serious threat to human health. In this study, the repertoire of host cellular cytokine and chemokine responses to infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, low patho...

    Authors: WY Lam, Apple CM Yeung, Ida MT Chu and Paul KS Chan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:344
  9. Design of effective vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) continues to present formidable challenges. However, individuals who are exposed HIV-1 but do not get infected may reveal correlate...

    Authors: Elijah M Songok, Bernard Osero, Lyle Mckinnon, Martin K Rono, Winnie Apidi, Elizabeth J Matey, Adrienne FA Meyers, Ma Luo, Joshua Kimani, Charles Wachihi, Blake T Ball, Frank A Plummer and Solomon Mpoke
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:343
  10. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has a biphasic infection cycle consisting of a latent and a lytic replicative phase. The product of immediate-early gene BRLF1, Rta, is able to disrupt the latency phase in epithelial ...

    Authors: Yuping Jia, Yun Wang, Yan Chao, Yongzheng Jing, Zhifu Sun and Bing Luo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:341
  11. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major swine pathogen causing economic losses in the swine industry almost worldwide. PRRSV has been divided into 2 genotypes, the European (Type...

    Authors: Roongtham Kedkovid, Suparlark Nuntawan Na Ayudhya, Alongkorn Amonsin and Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:340
  12. Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) is a pathogen of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); a disease first diagnosed in Norway in 1984. This virus, which was first characterized following its isola...

    Authors: Vikas Kulshreshtha, Molly Kibenge, Kira Salonius, Nathalie Simard, Angela Riveroll and Frederick Kibenge
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:338
  13. Tomato leaf curl viruses, which are the members of the genus Begomovirus, have emerged as devastating pathogens worldwide causing huge economic losses and threatening production of crops like cassava, cotton, gra...

    Authors: Prerna Pandey, Subhra Mukhopadhya, Afsar R Naqvi, Sunil K Mukherjee, Gyan S Shekhawat and Nirupam R Choudhury
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:337
  14. Several studies have suggested that elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparte aminotransferase (AST) may be markers of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Thus, individuals with elevated ALT and...

    Authors: Andrew A Adjei, Yao Tettey, John T Aviyase, Clement Adu-Gyamfi, Julius A Mingle and Edmund T Nartey
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:336
  15. RNA silencing is a potent antiviral response in plants. As a counterdefense, most plant and some animal viruses encode RNA silencing suppressors. In this study, we showed that Pns6, a putative movement protein...

    Authors: Jianguo Wu, Zhenguo Du, Chunzheng Wang, Lijun Cai, Meiqun Hu, Qiying Lin, Zujian Wu, Yi Li and Lianhui Xie
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:335
  16. To determine whether the novel porcine parvovirus type 4 (PPV4) recently reported in America is prevalent in China, a set of specific primers was designed and used for molecular survey of PPV4 among the clinic...

    Authors: Lv Huang, Shao-Lun Zhai, Andrew K Cheung, Hong-Biao Zhang, Jin-Xue Long and Shi-Shan Yuan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:333
  17. Host determinants of HIV-1 viral tropism include factors from producer cells that affect the efficiency of productive infection and factors in target cells that block infection after viral entry. TRIM5α restri...

    Authors: Bharat Khurana, Lei Zhuang, Prasun K Moitra, Tzanko S Stantchev, Christopher C Broder, Mary Lou Cutler and Peter D'Arpa
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:332
  18. Avian influenza (AI) viruses infect numerous avian species, and low pathogenicity (LP) AI viruses of the H7 subtype are typically reported to produce mild or subclinical infections in both wild aquatic birds a...

    Authors: Erica Spackman, Jack Gelb Jr, Lauren A Preskenis, Brian S Ladman, Conrad R Pope, Mary J Pantin-Jackwood and Enid T Mckinley
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:331
  19. Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus is one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. The antiviral activity of native and esterified whey proteins fractions (α- lactalbumin, β- lactoglobulin, and lact...

    Authors: Soad H Taha, Mona A Mehrez, Mahmoud Z Sitohy, Abdel Gawad I Abou Dawood, Mahmoud M Abd-El Hamid and Walid H Kilany
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:330
  20. Dengue virus (DENV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. DENV are comprised of four distinct serotypes (DENV-1 through DENV-4) and each serotype can be divided in different genotypes. C...

    Authors: Alvaro Ramírez, Alvaro Fajardo, Zoila Moros, Marlene Gerder, Gerson Caraballo, Daria Camacho, Guillermo Comach, Victor Alarcón, Julio Zambrano, Rosa Hernández, Gonzalo Moratorio, Juan Cristina and Ferdinando Liprandi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:329
  21. To evaluate the utility of a single quantitative PCR (qPCR) measurement of HSV (HSV-1&2) DNA in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens collected from women with predominantly chronic HSV-2 infection in assessin...

    Authors: Bulbulgul Aumakhan, Andrew Hardick, Thomas C Quinn, Oliver Laeyendecker, Stephen J Gange, Chris Beyrer, Christopher Cox, Kathryn Anastos, Mardge Cohen, Ruth M Greenblatt, Daniel J Merenstein, Howard Minkoff, Marek Nowicki and Charlotte A Gaydos
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:328
  22. The alphavirus capsid is multifunctional and plays a key role in the viral life cycle. The nucleocapsid domain is released by the self-cleavage activity of the serine protease domain within the capsid. All alp...

    Authors: Saijo Thomas, Jagdish Rai, Lijo John, Stephan Günther, Christian Drosten, Brigitte M Pützer and Stephan Schaefer
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:327
  23. Selection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by host immunity has been suggested to give rise to variants with amino acid substitutions at or around the 'a' determinant of the surface antigen (HBsAg), the main target of ...

    Authors: Susan I Ie, Meta D Thedja, Martono Roni and David H Muljono
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:326
  24. The novel pandemic A (H1N1) virus was first identified in Mexico in April 2009 and since then it spread world wide over a short period of time. Although the virus infection is generally associated with mild di...

    Authors: Lili Xu, Linlin Bao, Qi Lv, Wei Deng, Yila Ma, Fengdi Li, Lingjun Zhan, Hua Zhu, Chunmei Ma and Chuan Qin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:325
  25. Chronic HCV infection combined with occult hepatitis B infection has been associated with liver enzymes flare, advanced hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, poor response to standard interferon-α, and increased ris...

    Authors: Mohamed H Emara, Nahla E El-Gammal, Lamiaa A Mohamed and Maged M Bahgat
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:324
  26. The present study was undertaken to determine the rate of occurrence of Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) among kidney transplant recipients and donors by application of direct detection methods and to understand H...

    Authors: Hajib N Madhavan, Moses Y Samson, Murali Ishwarya, Ramanathan Vijayakumar and Malathi Jambulingam
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:322
  27. The innate immune responses of neonates differ dramatically from those of adults. Here we examine the acute inflammatory responses of neonatal and weanling mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a r...

    Authors: Cynthia A Bonville, Catherine Ptaschinski, Caroline M Percopo, Helene F Rosenberg and Joseph B Domachowske
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:320
  28. H9N2 avian influenza A viruses have become panzootic in Eurasia over the last decade and have caused several human infections in Asia since 1998. To study their evolution and zoonotic potential, we conducted an i...

    Authors: Azeem M Butt, Samerene Siddique, Muhammad Idrees and Yigang Tong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:319
  29. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of liver associated diseases throughout the world, with genotype 3a responsible for most of the cases in Pakistan. Due to the limited efficiency of current th...

    Authors: Saba Khaliq, Shah Jahan, Bushra Ijaz, Waqar Ahmad, Sultan Asad, Asim Pervaiz, Baila Samreen, Mahwish Khan and Sajida Hassan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:318
  30. The information on hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes among Libyan population and its association with various risk factors is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the epidemiologica...

    Authors: Hana A Elasifer, Yossif M Agnnyia, Basher A Al-Alagi and Mohamed A Daw
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:317
  31. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into nine genotypes (A-I) defined by sequence divergence of more than 8% based on the complete genome. This study aims to identify the genotypic distribution of HBV in...

    Authors: Alcione O Santos, Mónica V Alvarado-Mora, Lívia Botelho, Deusilene S Vieira, João R Rebello Pinho, Flair J Carrilho, Eduardo R Honda and Juan M Salcedo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:315
  32. The Orf virus (ORFV) is the prototype of the parapoxvirus genus and it primarily causes contagious ecthyma in goats, sheep, and other ruminants worldwide. In this paper, we described the sequence and phylogenetic...

    Authors: Ivana Lojkic, Zeljko Cac, Ana Beck, Tomislav Bedekovic, Zeljko Cvetnic and Branko Sostaric
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:314
  33. Viral enteric disease is an ongoing economic burden to poultry producers worldwide, and despite considerable research, no single virus has emerged as a likely causative agent and target for prevention and cont...

    Authors: J Michael Day, Linda L Ballard, Mary V Duke, Brian E Scheffler and Laszlo Zsak
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:313
  34. There have been reports of in-vitro interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) through microRNAs (miRNAs). The main aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of sev...

    Authors: Carolina Scagnolari, Pompea Zingariello, Jacopo Vecchiet, Carla Selvaggi, Delia Racciatti, Gloria Taliani, Elisabetta Riva, Eligio Pizzigallo and Guido Antonelli
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:311
  35. Tight correlation between host circulating CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response and control of viral replication is classical characteristic of long-term HCV infection. CD8+ T cell maturation/activation marker...

    Authors: Tao Shen, Jiajia Zheng, Chunhui Xu, Jia Liu, Weidong Zhang, Fengmin Lu and Hui Zhuang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:310
  36. Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a severe disease affecting large farmed Atlantic salmon. Mortality often appears without prior clinical signs, typically shortly prior to slaughter. We recently reported the fi...

    Authors: Marie Løvoll, Jannicke Wiik-Nielsen, Søren Grove, Christer R Wiik-Nielsen, Anja B Kristoffersen, Randi Faller, Trygve Poppe, Joonil Jung, Chandra S Pedamallu, Alexander J Nederbragt, Matthew Meyerson, Espen Rimstad and Torstein Tengs
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:309
  37. With the exception of the oyster herpesvirus OsHV-1, all herpesviruses characterized thus far infect only vertebrates. Some cause neurological disease in their hosts, while others replicate or become latent in...

    Authors: Keith W Savin, Benjamin G Cocks, Frank Wong, Tim Sawbridge, Noel Cogan, David Savage and Simone Warner
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:308
  38. Alpinia katsumadai (AK) extracts and fractions were tested for in vitro antiviral activities against influenza virus type A, specially human A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) and avian A/Chicken/Korea/MS96/96 (H9N2), by means of ...

    Authors: Hyung-Jun Kwon, Ha-Hyun Kim, So Young Yoon, Young Bae Ryu, Jong Sun Chang, Kyoung-Oh Cho, Mun-Chual Rho, Su-Jin Park and Woo Song Lee
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:307
  39. Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF) is a neglected tropical disease with significant impact on the health care system, society, and economy of Western and Central African nations where it is endemic. With a high rat...

    Authors: Luis M Branco, Jessica N Grove, Lina M Moses, Augustine Goba, Mohammed Fullah, Mambu Momoh, Randal J Schoepp, Daniel G Bausch and Robert F Garry
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:306