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  1. The Influenza A virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multifunctional virulence factor with several protein-protein interaction domains, involved in preventing apoptosis of the infected cell and in evading...

    Authors: Miranda Thomas, Christian Kranjec, Kazunori Nagasaka, Greg Matlashewski and Lawrence Banks
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:25
  2. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a member of the genus Fijivirus within the family Reoviridae, can infect several graminaceous plant species including rice, maize and wheat, and is transmitted by planthop...

    Authors: Qian Wang, Tao Tao, Yanjing Zhang, Wenqi Wu, Dawei Li, Jialin Yu and Chenggui Han
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:24
  3. Pneumonia caused by adenovirus infection is usually severe especially with adenovirus serotype 7 commonly associated with lower respiratory tract disease outbreaks. We reported an outbreak of 70 cases of sever...

    Authors: Liuying Tang, Li Wang, Xiaojuan Tan and Wenbo Xu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:23
  4. Many RNA viruses are displaying great promise in the field of oncolytic virotherapy. Previously, we reported that the picornavirus Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) possessed potent oncolytic activity against culture...

    Authors: Gough G Au, Leone G Beagley, Erin S Haley, Richard D Barry and Darren R Shafren
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:22
  5. The epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in gulls is only partially known. The role of the world's most numerous gull species, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), as a potential AIV reservoir...

    Authors: Ragnhild Toennessen, Anna Germundsson, Christine M Jonassen, Irene Haugen, Kristin Berg, Robert T Barrett and Espen Rimstad
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:21
  6. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading health problem with up to 350 million affected people worldwide including 4.5 million only in Pakistan. It has mortality rate of 0.5 to 1.2 million per year worldw...

    Authors: Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Idrees, Muhammad Ali, Irshad-ur Rehman, Abrar Hussain, Samia Afzal, Sadia Butt, Sana Saleem, Saira Munir and Sadaf Badar
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:20
  7. In previous studies, the expression and localization characteristics of duck plague virus (DPV) gE protein have been described in cultured cells, but the properties of DPV gE protein have not been reported in ...

    Authors: Hua Chang, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Renyong Jia, Dekang Zhu, Qihui Luo, Zhenli Chen, Yi Zhou, Fei Liu and Xiaoyue Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:19
  8. In an effort to find chemicals inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase, a series of thiobarbituric acid derivatives were selected from a library provided by Korea Resea...

    Authors: Jong-Ho Lee, Sangyoon Lee, Mi Young Park and Heejoon Myung
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:18
  9. Recently, some studies indicate that interleukin (IL)-17, known as a T cell (Th17)-derived proinflammatory cytokine, is the major mediator of tissue inflammation in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Viral ...

    Authors: Yang Fan, Wu Weifeng, Yan Yuluan, Kong Qing, Pang Yu and Huang Yanlan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:17
  10. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide and its subtypes/genotypes are clinically important for clinical management and vaccine development. The present study describes freq...

    Authors: I Inamullah, Muhammad Idrees, Habib Ahmed, Sajid-ul-Ghafoor, Muhammad Ali, Liaqat Ali and Aziz Ahmed
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:16
  11. In order to obtain an initial and preliminary understanding of host and nonhost resistance in the initial step of potyvirus replication, both positive and negative Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strands where trac...

    Authors: Giovanni Chaves-Bedoya, Fulgencio Espejel, Ricardo I Alcalá-Briseño, Juan Hernández-Vela and Laura Silva-Rosales
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:15
  12. To understand the evolutionary steps required for a virus to become virulent in a new host, a human influenza A virus (IAV), A/Hong Kong/1/68(H3N2) (HK-wt), was adapted to increased virulence in the mouse. Amo...

    Authors: Samar K Dankar, Shuai Wang, Jihui Ping, Nicole E Forbes, Liya Keleta, Yishan Li and Earl G Brown
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:13
  13. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria has remained a Public Health issue. It is a major cause of mortality, especially in developing countries. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection is th...

    Authors: Ahizechukwu C Eke, Uzoamaka A Eke, Charles I Okafor, Ifeanyichukwu U Ezebialu and Chukwuanugo Ogbuagu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:12
  14. HIV-1 is characterized by increased genetic heterogeneity which tends to hinder the reliability of detection and accuracy of HIV-1 RNA quantitation assays.

    Authors: Antigoni Katsoulidou, Chrysoula Rokka, Catherine Issaris, Catherine Haida, Kimon Tzannis, Vana Sypsa, Maria Detsika, Dimitrios Paraskevis and Angelos Hatzakis
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:10
  15. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a beta-herpesvirus. HHV-6 infects and replicates in T cells. The HHV-6-encoded major immediate early gene (MIE) is expressed at the immediate-early infection phase. Human cytomeg...

    Authors: Masaaki Matsuura, Masaya Takemoto, Koichi Yamanishi and Yasuko Mori
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:9
  16. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to specific sequences on target mRNAs. However, functional identification of mRNA targets is usually difficult and tim...

    Authors: Yujing Huang, Ying Qi, Qiang Ruan, Yanping Ma, Rong He, Yaohua Ji and Zhengrong Sun
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:8
  17. The bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri is a primary cause of mortality in channel catfish raised commercially in aquaculture farms. Additional treatment and diagnostic regimes are needed for this enteric pa...

    Authors: Abel Carrias, Timothy J Welch, Geoffrey C Waldbieser, David A Mead, Jeffery S Terhune and Mark R Liles
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:6
  18. Human Rhinoviruses (HRVs) are well recognized viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory tract illnesses (RTIs) abundant worldwide. Although recent studies have phylogenetically identified the new HRV s...

    Authors: Piyada Linsuwanon, Sunchai Payungporn, Kamol Suwannakarn, Thaweesak Chieochansin, Apiradee Theamboonlers and Yong Poovorawan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:5
  19. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) high-risk (HR) types are the causal factor for cervical cancer and premalignant dysplasia. Data on frequency of HPV types provide a basis to design and evaluate HPV prevention progra...

    Authors: Michelle Oliveira-Silva, Camila X Lordello, Lucília MG Zardo, Cibele R Bonvicino and Miguel AM Moreira
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:4
  20. Rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. An effective vaccination regime against RV can substantially reduce morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated the effic...

    Authors: Hongli Zhou, Li Guo, Min Wang, Jianguo Qu, Zhendong Zhao, Jianwei Wang and Tao Hung
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:3
  21. Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes an acute lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, resulting in immunosuppression, which is considered to be an integral aspect of the pathogenesis of Marek's disease (MD). A ...

    Authors: Yanpeng Li, Aijun Sun, Shuai Su, Peng Zhao, Zhizhong Cui and Hongfei Zhu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:2
  22. Avian origin canine influenza virus was reported in Korea. The dog to dog contact transmission of the avian origin canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 and CIV H3N8 was shown by experimental contact transmission....

    Authors: Daesub Song, Hyoungjoon Moon, Kwonil Jung, Minjoo Yeom, Hyekwon Kim, Sangyoon Han, Dongjun An, Jinsik Oh, Jongman Kim, Bongkyun Park and Bokyu Kang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:1
  23. The lung would be the first organ targeted in case of the use of Variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) as a bioweapon. Pulmonary surfactant composed of lipids (90%) and proteins (10%) is considered t...

    Authors: Jean-Claude Debouzy, David Crouzier, Anne-Laure Favier and Julien Perino
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:379
  24. Glycoprotein E2, the immunodominant protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), can induce neutralizing antibodies and confer protective immunity in pigs. Our previous phylogenetic analysis showed that subg...

    Authors: Ning Chen, Chao Tong, Dejiang Li, Jing Wan, Xuemei Yuan, Xiaoliang Li, Jinrong Peng and Weihuan Fang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:378
  25. Hepatitis C is a major health problem affecting more than 200 million individuals in the world. Current treatment regimen consisting of interferon alpha and ribavirin does not always succeed in eliminating the...

    Authors: Samia Afzal, Muhammad Idrees, Madiha Akram, Zunaira Awan, Bushra Khubaib, Mahwish Aftab, Zareen Fatima, Sadaf Badar and Abrar Hussain
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:377
  26. In our previous study concerning the genetic relationship among H10 avian influenza viruses with different pathogenicity in mink (Mustela vison), we found that these differences were related to amino acid variati...

    Authors: Siamak Zohari, Muhammad Munir, Giorgi Metreveli, Sándor Belák and Mikael Berg
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:376
  27. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and the associated disease postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) have caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. Rapid detection of PCV2 is very i...

    Authors: Kai Zhao, Fangting Han, Yong Zou, Lianlong Zhu, Chunhua Li, Yan Xu, Chunling Zhang, Furong Tan, Jinbin Wang, Shiru Tao, Xizhong He, Zongqing Zhou and Xueming Tang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:374
  28. Geminiviruses are emerging plant pathogens that infect a wide variety of crops including cotton, cassava, vegetables, ornamental plants and cereals. The geminivirus disease complex consists of monopartite bego...

    Authors: Saiqa Andleeb, Imran Amin, Aftab Bashir, Rob W Briddon and Shahid Mansoor
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:373
  29. Marek's disease is a highly contagious disease of poultry characterized by rapid-on set of T-cell lymphomas, which is caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), but its pathogenic mechanism is still not very clear...

    Authors: Mingxing Tian, Yang Zhao, Min Shi, Yan Lin, Nianli Zou, Ping Liu, Xintian Wen, Sanjie Cao and Yong Huang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:371
  30. We aimed to clarify whether soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) activated B cells may be loaded with HBcAg18-27 peptide and served as antigen-producing cells (APCs) to induce HBV-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs).

    Authors: Chao Wu, Yong Liu, Qi Zhao, Guangmei Chen, Junhao Chen, Xiaomin Yan, Yi-Hua Zhou and Zuhu Huang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:370
  31. HIV-1 can be inhibited by RNA interference in vitro through the expression of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that target conserved genome sequences. In silico shRNA design for HIV has lacked a detailed study of viru...

    Authors: María C Méndez-Ortega, Silvia Restrepo, Luis M Rodríguez-R, Iván Pérez, Juan C Mendoza, Andrés P Martínez, Roberto Sierra and Gloria J Rey-Benito
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:369
  32. To establish a convenient system for the study of human papillomavirus (HPV), we inserted a Saccharomyces cerevisiae selectable marker, Ura, into HPV58 genome and transformed it into yeast.

    Authors: Jing Li, Xiao Wang, Juan Liu, Hong Wang, Xiao-Li Zhang, Wei Tang, Yun-Dong Sun, Xin Wang, Xiu-Ping Yu and Wei-Ming Zhao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:368
  33. Begomoviruses are whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses with genomes that consist of either two components (known as DNA A and DNA B) or a single component (homologous to the DNA A component of bipartite begomovi...

    Authors: Muhammad Shafiq, Shaheen Asad, Yusuf Zafar, Rob W Briddon and Shahid Mansoor
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:367
  34. Cytokines are important mediators and regulators of host responses against foreign antigen, with their main function to orchestrate the functional activities of the cells of the immune system. However little i...

    Authors: Haiwen Liu, Manfu Zhang, Haitang Han, Jihong Yuan and Zandong Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:364
  35. Multiple subtypes of avian influenza viruses have crossed the species barrier to infect humans and have the potential to cause a pandemic. Therefore, new influenza vaccines to prevent the co-existence of multi...

    Authors: Lei Tan, Huijun Lu, Dan Zhang, Mingyao Tian, Bo Hu, Zhuoyue Wang and Ningyi Jin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:363
  36. The bacteriophage T4 encodes 10 proteins, known collectively as the replisome, that are responsible for the replication of the phage genome. The replisomal proteins can be subdivided into three activities; the...

    Authors: Timothy C Mueser, Jennifer M Hinerman, Juliette M Devos, Ryan A Boyer and Kandace J Williams
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:359
  37. The bacteriophage T4 capsid is an elongated icosahedron, 120 nm long and 86 nm wide, and is built with three essential proteins; gp23*, which forms the hexagonal capsid lattice, gp24*, which forms pentamers at...

    Authors: Venigalla B Rao and Lindsay W Black
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:356
  38. Remarkable progress has been made during the past ten years in elucidating the structure of the bacteriophage T4 tail by a combination of three-dimensional image reconstruction from electron micrographs and X-...

    Authors: Petr G Leiman, Fumio Arisaka, Mark J van Raaij, Victor A Kostyuchenko, Anastasia A Aksyuk, Shuji Kanamaru and Michael G Rossmann
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:355
  39. Integration is an intermediate step in the HIV life cycle and is defined as the insertion of HIV-1 proviral DNA into the host chromosome. If integration does not occur when HIV-1 cDNA enters the nucleus, it ci...

    Authors: Brian Friedrich, Guangyu Li, Natallia Dziuba and Monique R Ferguson
    Citation: Virology Journal 2010 7:354