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  1. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1 generally infects cattle and sheep, while its infection of pigs is rarely reported. In 2005-2007, FMD outbreaks caused by Asia1 type occurred in many regions ...

    Authors: Xin Yang, Ying-shun Zhou, Hong-ning Wang, Yi Zhang, Kun Wei and Ting Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:175
  2. Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV) is a bipartite begomovirus which has been reported from India and Iran but infectious clones have not been obtained. We have previously shown the association of Zucchini ...

    Authors: Aamir Humayun Malik, Rob W Briddon and Shahid Mansoor
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:173
  3. It has been well documented that the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of many positive-stranded RNA viruses contain key cis-acting regulatory sequences, as well as high-order structural elements. Little is known f...

    Authors: Jiaqi Lu, Fei Gao, Zuzhang Wei, Ping Liu, Changlong Liu, Haihong Zheng, Yanhua Li, Tao Lin and Shishan Yuan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:172
  4. Increases in aminotransferases levels are frequently encountered in HIV-positive patients and often remain unexplained. The role in this setting and natural history of hepatitis E in HIV-infected patients are ...

    Authors: Pierre Sellier, Marie-Christine Mazeron, Sophie Tesse, Esma Badsi, John Evans, Jean-Dominique Magnier, Marie-Jose Sanson-Le-Pors, Jean-François Bergmann and Elisabeth Nicand
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:171
  5. In this study, porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) virus-like particles (VLPs) were generated using a baculovirus expression system and were tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in vivo.

    Authors: Hye-Young Jeoung, Won-Ha Lee, WooSeog Jeong, Bo-Hye Shin, Hwan-Won Choi, Hee Soo Lee and Dong-Jun An
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:170
  6. Many of researchers have focused on the emerging pathogen, Norovirus, since its first identification as the causing agent of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. One of the virulence factors of norovi...

    Authors: Jeong-Woong Park, Sung-Geun Lee, Young-Min Lee, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Sangryeol Ryu and Soon-Young Paik
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:167
  7. Epidemiological and clinical data indicate that genital ulcer disease (GUD) pathogens are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition and/or transmission. Among...

    Authors: Elena Sartori, Arianna Calistri, Cristiano Salata, Claudia Del Vecchio, Giorgio Palù and Cristina Parolin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:166
  8. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen affecting around 3% of the human population. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are approximately 2 to 3 million HCV chronic carriers. There are few re...

    Authors: Deusilene S Vieira, Mónica V Alvarado-Mora, Lívia Botelho, Flair J Carrilho, João RR Pinho and Juan M Salcedo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:165
  9. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is prevalent in Thailand, causing a huge impact on the country's swine industry. Yet the diversity and origin of these Thai PRRSVs remained vague. In...

    Authors: Hein M Tun, Mang Shi, Charles LY Wong, Suparlark NN Ayudhya, Alongkorn Amonsin, Roongroje Thanawonguwech and Frederick CC Leung
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:164
  10. HCV has two envelop proteins named as E1 and E2 which play an important role in cell entry through two main pathways: direct fusion at the plasma membrane and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Fusion of the HCV e...

    Authors: Usman A Ashfaq, Tariq Javed, Sidra Rehman, Zafar Nawaz and Sheikh Riazuddin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:163
  11. The survival of glioma patients with the current treatments is poor. Early clinical trails with replicating adenoviruses demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the use of adenoviruses as oncolytic agents. ...

    Authors: Sanne K van den Hengel, Jeroen de Vrij, Taco G Uil, Martine L Lamfers, Peter AE Sillevis Smitt and Rob C Hoeben
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:162
  12. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis which can eventually lead to permanent liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Currently, there is no vaccine available for prevention of HC...

    Authors: Usman A Ashfaq, Tariq Javed, Sidra Rehman, Zafar Nawaz and Sheikh Riazuddin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:161
  13. PRRS is a pig disease of major economic importance that causes respiratory and reproductive problems in pigs. Over the last years it has become clear that PRRSV heterogeneity is increasing. Consequently, this ...

    Authors: Jan Van Doorsselaere, Marc Geldhof, Hans J Nauwynck and Peter L Delputte
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:160
  14. A recombinant baculovirus(vBacORF2) that expressed the full-length ORF2 capsid protein of a genotype 1 strain of hepatitis E virus(HEV) was constructed. Transduction of S10-3 human hepatoma cells with this bac...

    Authors: Mohammad K Parvez, Robert H Purcell and Suzanne U Emerson
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:159
  15. Avian Leukosis virus (ALV) of subgroup J (ALV-J) belong to retroviruses, which could induce tumors in domestic and wild birds. Myelocytomatosis was the most common neoplasma observed in infected flocks; howeve...

    Authors: Min Shi, Mingxing Tian, Cheng Liu, Yang Zhao, Yan Lin, Nianli Zou, Ping Liu and Yong Huang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:158
  16. In herpesviruses, UL15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV), the causative ...

    Authors: Hongwei Zhu, Huixin Li, Zongxi Han, Yuhao Shao, Yu Wang and Xiangang Kong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:156
  17. Hepatitis C is a fatal liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. In this study, blood donors, from various districts of the KPK province and the federally administered tribal area (FATA) of Pakistan were ...

    Authors: Najib U Khan, Ijaz Ali, Naeem U Ahmad, Aqib Iqbal, Latif U Rehman, Iqbal Munir, Muti U Rehman, Sanaullah Khan, Sajid Ali, Lubna Siddique and Zahoor A Swati
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:154
  18. Hepatitis C is a major health problem affecting 270 million individuals in world including Pakistan. Current treatment regimen, interferon alpha and ribavirin only cure half of patients due to side effects and...

    Authors: Usman Ali Ashfaq, Tariq Javed, Sidra Rehman, Zafar Nawaz and Sheikh Riazuddin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:153
  19. Epidemiological investigations, detections and vaccines of hepatitis E (HE) have been paid a focus of attention in prior studies, while studies on clinical features and risk factors with a large number of spor...

    Authors: Shujun Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Quan Yuan, Shengxiang Ge, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia and Deying Tian
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:152
  20. Evidence suggests that genome chromatinization and the posttranslational modification of histones are involved in the regulation of viral gene expression, including the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). We perform...

    Authors: Ying Huang, Qiyi Tang, Michael Nguyen, Kalpana Dulal, Weijia Wang and Hua Zhu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:151
  21. To investigate the relationship between the selective pressure and the sequence variation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, we performed the positive selection analysis by estimating the ratio o...

    Authors: Min Gu, Wujie Liu, Lijun Xu, Yongzhong Cao, Chunfeng Yao, Shunlin Hu and Xiufan Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:150
  22. HIV-1 integrase (IN) variability in treatment naïve patients with different HIV-1 subtypes is a major issue. In fact, the effect of previous exposure to antiretrovirals other than IN inhibitors (INI) on IN var...

    Authors: Antonio Piralla, Stefania Paolucci, Roberto Gulminetti, Giuditta Comolli and Fausto Baldanti
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:149
  23. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious of all artiodactyl animal diseases, and its infection has an obvious ability to spread over long distances and to contribute to epidemics in FMD-free ...

    Authors: Yao-zhong Ding, Yong-sheng Liu, Jian-hua Zhou, Hao-tai Chen, Gang Wei, Li-na Ma and Jie Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:148
  24. Duck hepatitis virus (DHV-1) is a worldwide distributed picornavirus that causes acute and fatal disease in young ducklings. Recently, the complete genome of DHV-1 has been determined and comparative sequence ...

    Authors: Guangqing Liu, Emilio Yángüez, Zongyan Chen and Chuanfeng Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:147
  25. Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a human enterovirus and a member of the family of Picornaviridae and among the most rapidly evolving viruses known. Analysis of codon usage can reveal much ...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Meng Wang, Wen-qian Liu, Jian-hua Zhou, Hao-tai Chen, Li-na Ma, Yao-zhong Ding, Yuan-xing Gu and Yong-sheng Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:146
  26. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been acknowledged as one of the most important agents affecting swine. The scavenger receptor CD163 is one of the important entry mediators for P...

    Authors: Zong-Xi Cao, Fu-Rong Zhao, Kun Jia, Wei-Wei Sun, Ming-Fei Yan, Si-Hu Guo, Pei-Rong Jiao, Wen-Bao Qi and Gui-Hong Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:144
  27. Begomoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that cause economically important diseases of many crops throughout the world and induce symptoms in plants, including enations, leaf curling and stunting, that re...

    Authors: Imran Amin, Basavaprabhu L Patil, Rob W Briddon, Shahid Mansoor and Claude M Fauquet
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:143
  28. Phage Ï•IBB-PF7A is a T7-like bacteriophage capable of infecting several Pseudomonas fluorescens dairy isolates and is extremely efficient in lysing this bacterium even when growing in biofilms attached to surface...

    Authors: Sanna Sillankorva, Leon D Kluskens, Erika J Lingohr, Andrew M Kropinski, Peter Neubauer and Joana Azeredo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:142
  29. hyaluronic acid (HA), a non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, is present in synovial fluid, vitreous humour serum and many connective tissues. Pharmaceutical preparations of HA are used in clinical practice for wou...

    Authors: Claudio Cermelli, Alessandro Cuoghi, Monica Scuri, Clotilde Bettua, Rachele G Neglia, Andrea Ardizzoni, Elisabetta Blasi, Tommaso Iannitti and Beniamino Palmieri
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:141
  30. The world has recently overcome the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century caused by a novel H1N1 virus (pH1N1) which is a triple reassortant comprising genes derived from avian, human, and swine influen...

    Authors: Sanjay Mukherjee, Veena C Vipat, Akhilesh C Mishra, Shailesh D Pawar and Alok K Chakrabarti
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:140
  31. Increasing infections with Monkeypox and Cowpox viruses pose a continuous and growing threat to human health. The standard method for detecting poxvirus neutralizing antibodies is the plaque-reduction neutrali...

    Authors: Marit Kramski, Anna Drozd, Gregor F Lichtfuss, Piotr W Dabrowski and Heinz Ellerbrok
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:139
  32. Swine are an important host of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The two membrane glycoproteins of JEV, prM and E, each contain a potential N-linked glycosylation site, at positions N15 and N154, respectively...

    Authors: Yu Zhang, Puyan Chen, Ruibing Cao and Jinyan Gu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:138
  33. Bacitracin and the membrane-impermeant thiol reagent 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) are agents known to inhibit protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a cell-surface protein critical in HIV-1 entry ther...

    Authors: Humberto H Lara, Liliana Ixtepan-Turrent, Elsa N Garza-Treviño, Samantha M Flores-Teviño, Gadi Borkow and Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:137
  34. Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), family Bunyaviridae, is a mosquito-borne pathogen endemic in the United States and Canada that can cause encephalitis in humans and is considered an emerging threat to public health....

    Authors: Richard S Bennett, Jacob T Nelson, Anthony K Gresko, Brian R Murphy and Stephen S Whitehead
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:136
  35. Although horizontal gene transfer plays a pivotal role in bacteriophage evolution, many lytic phage genomes are clearly shaped by vertical evolution. We investigated the influence of minor genomic deletions an...

    Authors: Pieter-Jan Ceyssens, Thea Glonti, ndrew M Kropinski, Rob Lavigne, Nina Chanishvili, Leonid Kulakov, Nino Lashkhi, Marina Tediashvili and Maya Merabishvili
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:134
  36. The 2009 flu pandemic is a global outbreak of a new strain of H1N1 influenza virus. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has posed a serious public health challenge world-wide. Nepal has started Laboratory diagnos...

    Authors: Bal Ram Adhikari, Geeta Shakya, Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay, Khagendra Prakash KC, Sirjana Devi Shrestha and Guna Raj Dhungana
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:133
  37. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the causative pathogen of grass carp hemorrhagic disease, one of the major diseases damaging grass carp Ctenopharyngon idellus breeding industry in China. Prevention and control of t...

    Authors: Yongxing He, Hongxu Xu, Qian Yang, Dan Xu and Liqun Lu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:132
  38. A one year active surveillance program for influenza A viruses among avian species in a live-bird market (LBM) in Bangkok, Thailand was conducted in 2009. Out of 970 samples collected, influenza A virus subtyp...

    Authors: Trong Wisedchanwet, Manoosak Wongphatcharachai, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Napawan Bunpapong, Pravina Kitikoon and Alongkorn Amonsin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:131
  39. One coronavirus strain was isolated from brain tissues of ten piglets with evident clinical manifestations of vomiting, diarrhea and dyskinesia in Jilin province in China. Antigenic and genomic characterizatio...

    Authors: Wei Gao, Kui Zhao, Chuanbo Zhao, Chongtao Du, Wenzhi Ren, Deguang Song, Huijun Lu, Keyan Chen, Zhiping Li, Yungang Lan, Shengnan Xie, Wenqi He and Feng Gao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:130
  40. The swine influenza (SI) is an infectious disease of swine and human. The novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) that emerged from April 2009 in Mexico spread rapidly and caused a human pandemic globally. To de...

    Authors: Yizhi Liu, Jun Ji, Qingmei Xie, Jing Wang, Huiqin Shang, Cuiying Chen, Feng Chen, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao, Jingyun Ma and Yingzuo Bi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:129
  41. The serum-free medium from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infected Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21) cell cultures was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify host prote...

    Authors: Yi-Ping Wu, Chung-Ming Chang, Chun-Yu Hung, Meng-Chieh Tsai, Scott C Schuyler and Robert Yung-Liang Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:128

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2011 8:338

  42. The attenuated Yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine virus is one of the safest and most effective viral vaccines administered to humans, in which it elicits a polyvalent immune response. Herein, we used the YF 17D ba...

    Authors: Raquel T Nogueira, Alanderson R Nogueira, Mirian CS Pereira, Maurício M Rodrigues, Ricardo Galler and Myrna C Bonaldo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:127
  43. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). It has caused heavy losses in global agricu...

    Authors: Kai Zhao, Wei Shi, Fangting Han, Yan Xu, Lianlong Zhu, Yong Zou, Xiao Wu, Hong Zhu, Furong Tan, Shiru Tao and Xueming Tang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:126