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  1. During period of crisis, laboratory planners may be faced with a need to make operational and clinical decisions in the face of limited information. To avoid this dilemma, our laboratory utilizes a secure web ...

    Authors: Bonita E Lee, Shamir N Mukhi, Jennifer May-Hadford, Sabrina Plitt, Marie Louie and Steven J Drews
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:277
  2. Function exertion of specific proteins are key factors in disease progression, thus the systematical identification of those specific proteins is a prerequisite to understand various diseases. Though many prot...

    Authors: Xu-fei Tan, Shan-shan Wu, Shu-ping Li, Zhi Chen and Feng Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:274
  3. Avian influenza viruses of H9N2 subtype have become highly prevalent in avian species. Although these viruses generally cause only mild to moderate disease, they can infect a wide variety of species, including...

    Authors: Wenyao Lin, Huiying Fan, Xiaoliang Cheng, Yu Ye, Xiaowei Chen, Tao Ren, Wenbao Qi and Ming Liao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:273
  4. PRV Fa is common in China and causes most of the pseudorabies in the pig industry. A PRV SA215 strain with deleted gE, gI, and TK genes was constructed to develop a commercial attenuated live vaccine. However,...

    Authors: Ling Zhu, Yue Yi, Zhiwen Xu, Lu Cheng, Shanhu Tang and Wanzhu Guo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:272
  5. Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) are widespread in Canadian sheep and goats and represent an important health issue in these animals. There is however no data about the genetic diversity of Caprine Arthritis...

    Authors: Yvan L'Homme, Mourad Ouardani, Valérie Lévesque, Giuseppe Bertoni, Carole Simard and Giuliano Pisoni
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:271
  6. Increased numbers of Interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17) have been found in association with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver injury. However, the mechanism underlying the increase of Th17 responses...

    Authors: Fan Zhang, Simin Yao, Jing Yuan, Mingxia Zhang, Qing He, Guilin Yang, Zhiliang Gao, Hong Liu, Xinchun Chen and Boping Zhou
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:270
  7. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), as a major global animal disease, affects millions of animals worldwide and remains the main sanitary barrier to the international and national trade of animals and animal product...

    Authors: Liang Zhang, Jie Zhang, Hao-tai Chen, Jian-hua Zhou, Li-na ma, Yao-zhong Ding and Yong-sheng Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:268
  8. Recently, a new subset of CD4+T helper(Th) cell that predominantly secret cytokine interleukin-9(IL-9) is identified, termed Th9 cell. It has been reported to participate in tissue inflammation and autoimmune res...

    Authors: Kong Qing, Wu Weifeng, Yang Fan, Yan Yuluan, Pang Yu and Huang Yanlan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:267
  9. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR) has become the benchmark for detection and quantification of target gene expression level and been utilized increasingly i...

    Authors: Ying Wu, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Shunchuan Zhang, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Qihui Luo, Zhengli Chen and Xiaoyue Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:266
  10. The Capripoxvirus, Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has a restricted host-range and is being investigated as a novel HIV-1 vaccine vector. LSDV does not complete its replication cycle in non-ruminant hosts.

    Authors: Yen-Ju Shen, Enid Shephard, Nicola Douglass, Nicolette Johnston, Craig Adams, Carolyn Williamson and Anna-Lise Williamson
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:265
  11. A recombinant plasmid that co-expressed ubiquitin and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) virus capsid protein (Cap), denoted as pc-Ub-Cap, and a plasmid encoding PCV2 virus Cap alone, denoted as pc-Cap, were tra...

    Authors: Fang Fu, Xuesong Li, Yuekun Lang, Yuju Yang, Guangzhi Tong, Guoxin Li, Yanjun Zhou and Xi Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:264
  12. Twenty-seven nanopeptides derived from the matrix (M) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were screened for their ability to elicit a recall interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response fro...

    Authors: Weijun Zhang, Yan Lin, Yu Bai, Tiegang Tong, Qun Wang, Nihong Liu, Guangliang Liu, Yihong Xiao, Tao Yang, Zhigao Bu, Guangzhi Tong and Donglai Wu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:263
  13. Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infections can cause a number of diseases ranging from simple cold sores to dangerous keratitis and lethal encephalitis. The interaction between virus and host cells, critic...

    Authors: Gautam R Bedadala, Jayavardhana R Palem, Lorna Graham, James M Hill, Harris E McFerrin and Shao-Chung Hsia
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:262
  14. Yellow fever is an haemorrhagic disease caused by a virus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae family) and is transmitted by mosquitoes. Among the viral proteins, the envelope protein (E) is the ...

    Authors: Maria CES Barros, Tatiane GCM Galasso, Antônio JM Chaib, Nicolas Degallier, Tatsuya Nagata and Bergmann M Ribeiro
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:261
  15. Norovirus is one of the most common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Rapid spread by contaminated food and person-to-person transmission through the fecal-oral route are characteristics of nor...

    Authors: Sung-Geun Lee, Soe-Hyun Lee, Seung-Won Park, Chang-Il Suh, Weon-Hwa Jheong, SeHwan Oh and Soon-Young Paik
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:260
  16. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3a is known to show comparatively better response to combination therapy than genotype 1 and 4. Mutations within NS5A gene of HCV have earlier been implicated with response to ...

    Authors: Ijaz Ali, Sanaullah Khan, Sobia Attaullah, Shahid Niaz Khan, Jabbar Khan, Sami Siraj, Aqib Iqbal, Zahoor A Swati and Muhammad Idrees
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:258
  17. Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) rapidly shut off macromolecular synthesis in host cells. In contrast, global microarray analyses have shown that HSV infection markedly up-regulates a number of host cell genes th...

    Authors: Maki Kamakura, Fumi Goshima, Chenhong Luo, Hiroshi Kimura and Yukihiro Nishiyama
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:257
  18. Characteration of the newly identified duck enteritis virus UL55 gene product has not been reported yet. Knowledge of the protein UL55 can provide useful insights about its function.

    Authors: Ying Wu, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Shunchuan Zhang, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Qihui Luo, Zhengli Chen and Xiaoyue Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:256
  19. Human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is the etiologic agent of a brain disease, known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The JCV genome encodes a small multifunctional phospho-protein, agnoprotein, fr...

    Authors: Ilker K Sariyer, Abdullah S Saribas, Martyn K White and Mahmut Safak
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:255
  20. Hepatitis C virus roots a chronic liver disease. Currently approved treatment strategy includes administration of alpha interferon and ribavirin combined therapy for 24-48 weeks. One of the predictor of sustai...

    Authors: Madiha Akram, Muhammad Idrees, Abrar Hussain, Samia Afzal, Muhammad Ilyas, Shamail Zafar, Mahwish Aftab, Sadaf Badar and Bushra Khubaib
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:253
  21. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in the paediatic population, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly worldwide. However, despite global ef...

    Authors: Claire P Straub, Wei-Har Lau, Faith M Preston, Madeleine J Headlam, Jeffery J Gorman, Peter L Collins and Kirsten M Spann
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:252
  22. Influenza virus continues to cause significant hospitalization rates in infants and young children. A 2-dose regime of trivalent inactivated vaccine is required to generate protective levels of hemagglutinatio...

    Authors: Katie Harris, Rebecca Ream, Jin Gao and Maryna C Eichelberger
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:251
  23. The genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae contains 34 tick-borne viruses classified into seven serogroups. Hazara virus (HAZV) belongs to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) serogroup that also inclu...

    Authors: Olivier Flusin, Solenne Vigne, Christophe N Peyrefitte, Michèle Bouloy, Jean-Marc Crance and Frédéric Iseni
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:249
  24. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) has two envelop proteins E1 and E2 which is highly glycosylated and play an important role in cell entry. Inhibition of virus at entry step is an important target to find antiviral drug...

    Authors: Usman A Ashfaq, Muhammad S Masoud, Saba Khaliq, Zafar Nawaz and Sheikh Riazuddin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:248
  25. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E2 plays several important roles in the viral cycle, including the transcriptional regulation of the oncogenes E6 and E7, the regulation of the viral genome replication by its associ...

    Authors: Eric Ramírez-Salazar, Federico Centeno, Karen Nieto, Armando Valencia-Hernández, Mauricio Salcedo and Efraín Garrido
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:247
  26. Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of sheep and goats caused by post-translational conformational change in the host-encoded prion protein (PrPC). Susceptibility or resistance to scrapie has been assoc...

    Authors: Amjed Hussain, Masroor E Babar, Muhammad Imran, Ikram U Haq and Muhammad M Javed
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:246
  27. The outcome of virus infection depends from the precise coordination of viral gene expression and genome replication. The ability to control and regulate these processes is therefore important for analysis of ...

    Authors: Liane Viru, Gregory Heller, Taavi Lehto, Kalle Pärn, Samir El Andaloussi, Ülo Langel and Andres Merits
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:243
  28. Lytic bacteriophages have been applied successfully to control the growth of various foodborne pathogens. Sequencing of their genomes is considered as an important preliminary step to ensure their safety prior...

    Authors: Hany Anany, Erika J Lingohr, Andre Villegas, Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann, Yi-Min She, Mansel W Griffiths and Andrew M Kropinski
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:242
  29. At present, alphaherpesviruses gI gene and its encoding protein have been extensively studied. It is likely that gI protein and its homolog play similar roles in virions direct cell-to-cell spread of alphaherp...

    Authors: Lijuan Li, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Jun Xiang, Xiaoyuan Yang, Shunchuan Zhang, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Qihui Luo, Yi Zhou, Zhengli Chen and Xiaoyue Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:241
  30. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recently discovered parvovirus associated with mild to severe lower respiratory tract infections in children, the aim of the work was determination of human bocavirus in nasopharyng...

    Authors: Mona Z Zaghloul
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:239
  31. Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) are a major limiting factor for the production of numerous dicotyledonous crops throughout the world. Begomoviruses differ in the number of components that ma...

    Authors: Imran Amin, Basavaprabhu L Patil, Rob W Briddon, Shahid Mansoor and Claude M Fauquet
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:238
  32. Newcastle disease virus represents APMV-1 and is the most characterized among all APMV types. The F protein cleavage site sequence is a well-characterized determinant of NDV pathogenicity in chickens. In this ...

    Authors: Mahmoud HA Mohamed, Sachin Kumar, Anandan Paldurai and Siba K Samal
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:237
  33. The membrane topology and molecular mechanisms for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) non-structural 2 (NS2) protien is unclear. We attempted to elucidate the subcell...

    Authors: Kang-kang Guo, Qing-hai Tang, Yan-ming Zhang, Kai Kang and Lei He
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:236
  34. Most of the previous research work had focused on the epidemiology and prevention of duck enteritis virus (DEV). Whilst with the development of protocols in molecular biology, nowadays more and more informatio...

    Authors: Shunchuan Zhang, Jun Xiang, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Ying Wu, Xiaoyuan Yang, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Qihui Luo, Zhengli Chen and Xiaoyue Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:235
  35. Current standard therapy commonly followed for chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Pakistan is interferon alpha plus ribavirin combination therapy (IFN α/ribavirin) and pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PegI...

    Authors: Madiha Akram, Muhammad Idrees, Shamail Zafar, Abrar Hussain, Sadia Butt, Samia Afzal, Irshad-ur Rehman, Ali Liaqat, Sana Saleem, Muhammad Ali and Azeem Butt
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:234
  36. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis attending Jos university teaching hospital, Plateau State. A total of 160 children with acute diarrhe...

    Authors: Surajudeen A Junaid, Chijioke Umeh, Atanda O Olabode and Jim M Banda
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:233
  37. Human herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 causes oral, ocular, or genital infections, which remains a significant health problem worldwide. HSV-1 and -2 infections in humans range from localized skin infections...

    Authors: Xingsheng Wang, Guangyan Xie, Jianming Liao, Dengke Yin, Wenyan Guan, Mingjie Pan, Jingnian Li and Yuexi Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:232
  38. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), as a major component of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) infected patients, required t...

    Authors: Yang Huang, Xiaowei Wang, Xiaoling Yu, Lin Yuan, Ying Guo, Weisi Xu, Tiejun Liu, Junyi Liu, Yiming Shao and Liying Ma
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:230
  39. HCV is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis all over the world. Claudins belong to family of tight junction's proteins that are responsible for establishing barriers for controlling the fl...

    Authors: Waqar Ahmad, Khadija Shabbiri, Bushra Ijaz, Sultan Asad, Muhammad T Sarwar, Sana Gull, Humera Kausar, Kiran Fouzia, Imran Shahid and Sajida Hassan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:229
  40. Quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA can be used for diagnosing HBV infection and monitoring the effect of antiviral therapy. However, probably because of mismatches between the template and primer/pr...

    Authors: Shipeng Sun, Shuang Meng, Rui Zhang, Kuo Zhang, Lunan Wang and Jinming Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:227
  41. A336C/A336T/T337C variations in HBV core gene were demonstrated to relate to the decreases in serum HBV DNA levels and HBV replication in chronic hepatitis B patients. Usually the drastic decrease in serum HBV...

    Authors: Wen Fan, Lu Huang, Zhiming zhou and Yirong Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:226