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Veterinary RNA viruses

Section Editor: Siba Samal, University of Maryland, USA

The Veterinary RNA viruses section of Virology Journal covers research on RNA viruses of non-human animals, including food, companion, and wild animal species. Both reviews and original research papers on viral structure, function and genetics will be considered as well as articles focusing on viral pathogenesis, virus-host interactions, vaccines, and antiviral therapeutics.

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  1. Uganda poultry production is still faced with frequent outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) in the backyard free-range systems despite the accessibility of cross protective vaccines. Live bird markets and water...

    Authors: John Bosco Omony, Agnes Wanyana, Kizito K. Mugimba, Halid Kirunda, Jessica Lukanga Nakavuma, Maxwell Otim-Onapa and Denis Karuhize Byarugaba
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:103
  2. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, first recognized in 1999 in Norway, and recently associated with piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infe...

    Authors: Marcos G. Godoy, Molly J. T. Kibenge, Yingwei Wang, Rudy Suarez, Camila Leiva, Francisco Vallejos and Frederick S. B. Kibenge
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:98
  3. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the main causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Since December 2010, a large-scale outbreak of diarrhea has been observed in swine farms in China. Accumul...

    Authors: Huixing Lin, Lei Chen, Lu Gao, Xiaomin Yuan, Zhe Ma and Hongjie Fan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:68
  4. Pancreas disease (PD), caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV), is an important disease affecting salmonid aquaculture. It has been speculated that Atlantic salmon post-smolts are more prone to infections in the f...

    Authors: J. Jarungsriapisit, L. J. Moore, G. L. Taranger, T. O. Nilsen, H. C. Morton, I. U. Fiksdal, S. Stefansson, P. G. Fjelldal, Ø. Evensen and S. Patel
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:66
  5. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is mainly responsible for the significant economic losses in pig industry in the world. The adaptive immune responses of the host act as an important...

    Authors: Baochao Fan, Xing Liu, Juan Bai, Tingjie Zhang, Qiaoya Zhang and Ping Jiang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:51
  6. Chickens and ducks are major hosts of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with distinct responses to infection. However, whereas ducks are generally asymptomatic or exhibit only mild symptoms following NDV infection...

    Authors: Yinfeng Kang, Minsha Feng, Xiaqiong Zhao, Xu Dai, Bin Xiang, Pei Gao, Yulian Li, Yanling Li and Tao Ren
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:41
  7. Infectious bronchitis is a severe disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) that affects fowl flocks worldwide. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in IBV evolution and variation would provi...

    Authors: Gang Xu, Xiao-yu Liu, Ye Zhao, Yang Chen, Jing Zhao and Guo-zhong Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:40
  8. Bovine enteroviruses (BEV) are members of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. They are predominantly isolated from cattle feces, but also are detected in feces of other animals, including goats an...

    Authors: Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat, Marnoch Yindee, Irwin Fernandez Chavez, Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong, Poom Adisakwattana, Pratap Singhasivanon, Charin Thawornkuno, Narin Thippornchai, Amporn Rungruengkitkun, Juthamas Soontorn and Sasipan Pearsiriwuttipong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:13
  9. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. ISAV occurs in two basic genotypes, North American and European. The European genotype is more widespread and s...

    Authors: Molly JT Kibenge, Tokinori Iwamoto, Yingwei Wang, Alexandra Morton, Richard Routledge and Frederick SB Kibenge
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:3
  10. The enteric disease of swine recognized in the early 1970s in Europe was initially described as “epidemic viral diarrhea” and is now termed “porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)”. The coronavirus referred to as PED...

    Authors: Changhee Lee
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:193

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2016 13:19

  11. Recent outbreaks of canine distemper have prompted examination of strains from clinical samples submitted to the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM) Clinical Virology Lab. We previou...

    Authors: Matthew C. Riley and Rebecca P. Wilkes
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:219
  12. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arboviral disease with high case fatality rates and neurologic or psychiatric sequelae among survivors in Asia, western Pacific countries and northern Australia. Japanese encep...

    Authors: Ping Qian, Xianwei Zhi, Bo Wang, Huawei Zhang, Huanchun Chen and Xiangmin Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:214
  13. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in the swine industry and causes important economic losses. No effective antiviral drugs against it are commer...

    Authors: Jérémy A. Ferreira Barbosa, Josée Labrie, Francis Beaudry, Carl A. Gagnon and Mario Jacques
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:188
  14. The current vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have failed to provide broad protection against infection by various strains of PRRSV. Porcine Interleukin-4 (pIL-4) plays a...

    Authors: Zhijun Li, Gang Wang, Yan Wang, Chong Zhang, Xinglong Wang, Baicheng Huang, Qiongyi Li, Liangliang Li, Biyun Xue, Peiyang Ding, Shahid Faraz Syed, Chengbao Wang, Xuehui Cai and En-Min Zhou
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:185
  15. Virus-like particle (VLP) technology is considered one of the most promising approaches in animal vaccines, due to the intrinsic immunogenic properties as well as high safety profile of VLPs. In this study, we...

    Authors: Hyun-Jeong Lee, Ji-Ye Kim, Soo-jeong Kye, Hee-Jung Seul, Suk-Chan Jung and Kang-Seuk Choi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:177
  16. A novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus was found to infect three Chinese residents, the first H7N9 infection in humans in Asia. Chest computed tomography (CT) for acute respiratory distress ...

    Authors: Yu-kun Zhang, Jian Li, Jian-ping Yang, Ying Zhan and Jun Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:176
  17. Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is an important pathogen that causes diseases in many species of fish in marine aquaculture. The larvae and juveniles are more easily infected by RGNNV and th...

    Authors: Zi Dan Su, Cheng Yin Shi, Jie Huang, Gui Ming Shen, Jin Li, Sheng Qiang Wang and Chao Fan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:149
  18. In mammals, interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been shown to decrease replication or attenuate pathogenicity of numerous viral pathogens (herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, human im...

    Authors: Leonardo Susta, Diego G. Diel, Sean Courtney, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Roy S. Sundick, Patti J. Miller, Corrie C. Brown and Claudio L. Afonso
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:122
  19. Newcastle disease (ND) is a devastating worldwide disease of poultry characterized by increased respiration, circulatory disturbances, hemorrhagic enteritis, and nervous signs. Sequence analysis shows several ...

    Authors: Jing-Yu Wang, Wan-Hua Liu, Juan-Juan Ren, Pan Tang, Ning Wu, Hung-Yi Wu, Ching-Dong Ching and Hung-Jen Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:119
  20. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a major pathogen of commercial poultry flocks, circulates in the form of several serotypes/genotypes. Only a few amino-acid changes in the S1 subunit of wild-type IBVS protei...

    Authors: Siham Fellahi, Mehdi EL Harrak, Mariette Ducatez, Chafiqa Loutfi, Saad Ibn Souda Koraichi, Jens H. Kuhn, Slimane Khayi, Mohammed EL Houadfi and My Mustapha Ennaji
    Citation: Virology Journal 2015 12:116
  21. H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) becomes the focus for its ability of transmission to mammals and as a donor to provide internal genes to form the new epidemic lethal influenza viruses. Residue 627 in PB2 has ...

    Authors: Meng Yu, Kaizhao Zhang, Wenbao Qi, Zhiqiang Huang, Jinhui Ye, Yongjiang Ma, Ming Liao and Zhangyong Ning
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:229
  22. The current vaccines failed to provide substantial protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and the new vaccine development faces great challenges. Sialoadhesin (Sn) and CD163 ar...

    Authors: Li Zhu, Hongqin Song, Xinyu Zhang, Xiaoli Xia and Huaichang Sun
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:225
  23. Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a serious disease of marine farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. caused by ISA virus (ISAV). ISAV genomic segments 5 and 6 encode surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin-esterase (...

    Authors: Marcos G Godoy, Rudy Suarez, Eduardo S Lazo, Katerina O Llegues, Molly JT Kibenge, Yingwei Wang and Frederick SB Kibenge
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:204
  24. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to be an important problem for the swine industry. Inactivated vaccines and modified-live virus vaccines are widely used in the field; howe...

    Authors: Lingxue Yu, Yanjun Zhou, Yifeng Jiang, Wu Tong, Shen Yang, Fei Gao, Kang Wang, Liwei Li, Tianqi Xia, Qun Cheng and Guangzhi Tong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:201
  25. Cell culture adaptation of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) was shown to be mainly associated with the VP2 capsid protein residues 253, 279, and 284. The single mutation A284T proved crit...

    Authors: Nawel Ben Abdeljelil, Neila Khabouchi, Selma Kassar, Khaled Miled, Samir Boubaker, Abdeljelil Ghram and Helmi Mardassi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:199
  26. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the causative agent of grass carp hemorrhage and causes significant loss of fingerlings. However, little is known about how the virus is distributed in organs and tissues. The aim...

    Authors: Hong-Ru Liang, Yong-Gang Li, Wei-Wei Zeng, Ying-Ying Wang, Qing Wang and Shu-Qin Wu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:178
  27. Newcastle disease is still a serious disease of poultry especially in backyard free-range production systems despite the availability of cross protective vaccines. Healthy-looking poultry from live bird market...

    Authors: Denis K Byarugaba, Kizito K Mugimba, John B Omony, Martin Okitwi, Agnes Wanyana, Maxwell O Otim, Halid Kirunda, Jessica L Nakavuma, Angélique Teillaud, Mathilde C Paul and Mariette F Ducatez
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:173
  28. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) can infect a variety of animal species and humans. Although the EMCV infection is known to induce autophagy to promote its replication in host cells, the viral proteins that a...

    Authors: Lei Hou, Xinna Ge, Lingxiang Xin, Lei Zhou, Xin Guo and Hanchun Yang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:156
  29. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important infectious agents for the swine industry worldwide. Zinc (Zn) salts, which are widely used as a dietary supplement in sw...

    Authors: Weidong Chai, Zhenya Wang, Pawel Janczyk, Sven Twardziok, Ulrike Blohm, Nikolaus Osterrieder and Michael Burwinkel
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:140
  30. Batai virus (BATV) is a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae, and a vector-borne pathogen. Genomic variations of BATV exist in different regions of the world, due to genetic reassortment...

    Authors: Hao Liu, Xi-qun Shao, Bo Hu, Jian-jun Zhao, Lei Zhang, Hai-ling Zhang, Xue Bai, Run-xiang Zhang, Deng-yun Niu, Yan-gang Sun and Xi-jun Yan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:138
  31. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has severe implications for animal farming which leads to considerable financial losses because of its rapid spread, high morbidity and loss of productivity. For these reasons, the...

    Authors: Ming Yang, Wanhong Xu, Melissa Goolia and Zhidong Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:136
  32. Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. Clinical signs may vary from almost inapparent infection to a hemorrhagic fever like illness. Among the host factors leading to ...

    Authors: Anja Petrov, Ulrike Blohm, Martin Beer, Jana Pietschmann and Sandra Blome
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:134
  33. Some cell-adapted strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can utilize heparan sulfate (HS) as a receptor to facilitate viral infection in cultured cells. A number of independent sites on the capsid that...

    Authors: Xingwen Bai, Huifang Bao, Pinghua Li, Wei Wei, Meng Zhang, Pu Sun, Yimei Cao, Zengjun Lu, Yuanfang Fu, Baoxia Xie, Yingli Chen, Dong Li, Jianxun Luo and Zaixin Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:132
  34. Only one strain (the Czech CAPM-v351) of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) has been released in Australia and New Zealand to control pest populations of the European rabbit O. cuniculus. Antigenic variants...

    Authors: Markus Matthaei, Peter J Kerr, Andrew J Read, Paul Hick, Stephanie Haboury, John D Wright and Tanja Strive
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:109
  35. Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is a non-enveloped dsRNA virus that cause neonatal calf diarrhea. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-enrich membrane mircodomains that play a vital role in many cellular processes. In this stud...

    Authors: Jin Cui, Xinliang Fu, Jiexiong Xie, Ming Gao, Malin Hong, Yao Chen, Shuo Su and Shoujun Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:98
  36. Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) causes severe and economically significant disease in almost all birds. However, factors that affect NDV replication in host cells are poorly understood. NDV generates long double...

    Authors: Shilei Zhang, Yingjie Sun, Hongjun Chen, Yabin Dai, Yuan Zhan, Shengqing Yu, Xusheng Qiu, Lei Tan, Cuiping Song and Chan Ding
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:62
  37. Dendritic cells (DC) are important antigen presentation cells that monitor, process, and present antigen to T cells. Viruses that infect DC can have a devastating impact on the immune system. In this study, th...

    Authors: Mrigendra KS Rajput, Mahmoud F Darweesh, Kaci Park, Lyle J Braun, Waithaka Mwangi, Alan J Young and Christopher CL Chase
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:44
  38. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus which infects both domestic animals and wildlife species worldwide. In China, cattle are often infected with BVDV of different genotypes, but there is very li...

    Authors: Xiaowei Gong, Lihong Liu, Fuying Zheng, Qiwei Chen, Zhaocai Li, Xiaoan Cao, Hong Yin, Jizhang Zhou and Xuepeng Cai
    Citation: Virology Journal 2014 11:29