Fig. 2

Detection of IFN-γ secreting cells in splenocytes. Spleen was concurrently collected with serum and mucosal sample collection from unvaccinated and immunized mice. IFN-γ secreting cells were measured with purified splenocytes by the mouse INF-γ ELISpot assay. HKH5 virus was used as the stimulating antigen. IFN-γ secreting cells in splenocytes were compared across immunization routes (a) and between CCFkH5-VLP and mixture of CC- and FkH5-VLP (b). Immunization methods were indicated as unvac: unvaccinated, IP: intraperitoneally, IN: intranasally and IN + SO: intranasally with sesame oil. Each group contains five mice, but IN and IN + SO groups contain four data. Error bars indicate 95% confidential intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using pairwise Welch’s test and the p-value was adjusted using the Bonferroni method, and the asterisk indicates statistical difference (**: p < 0.01)