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Fig. 1 | Virology Journal

Fig. 1

From: Advancing usability of an influenza hemagglutinin virus-like particle vaccine expressing a chimeric cytokine

Fig. 1

Induction of IgG and IgA in serum and mucosal samples. Six week-old BALB/c mice were immunized three times a week with CCFkH5-VLP containing 25,000 HA units and 50 ng of IL-12 protein by intraperitoneally (IP), intranasally (IN) or intranasally with sesame oil (SO), or mixture of CC- and FkH5-VLP intraperitoneally. The unvaccinated mouse group was indicated as “unvac”. Each group contains five mice. Serum, nasal wash and vaginal wash were collected one week after the third vaccination, and unvaccinated mice of same age were used as negative controls. Induction of IgG and IgA was evaluated using ELISA. The titer was expressed as relative optical density at 450 nm (OD450). Anti-FkH5 IgG in serum was compared across immunization routes (a) and between CCFkH5-VLP and mixture of CC- and FkH5-VLP (b). Anti-M2 IgG in serum was compared across immunization routes (c) and between CCFkH5-VLP and mixture of CC- and FkH5-VLP (d). Anti-FkH5 IgA in nasal wash was compared across immunization routes (e) and between CCFkH5-VLP and mixture of CC- and FkH5-VLP (f), and that in vaginal wash was compared across immunization routes (g) and between CCFkH5-VLP and mixture of CC- and FkH5-VLP (h). Statistical analysis was performed using pairwise Welch’s test and the p-value was adjusted using the Bonferroni method. The asterisk indicates statistical difference (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01)

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