Fig. 6

A. Presence of hCoV-HKU-1 (β-CoV Embecovirus) of 5′-UTR sequence in the intergenic region between the spike (S) and the Ns4 genes. The hCoV-OC43 5′-UTR sequence inserted is identical to that of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) 5′-UTR (shown at the bottom of the figure) except for one nucleotide (an adenosine [A] instead of a guanosine [G] in BCoV). 31 out of 48 variants (65%) in GenBank have this intragenomic rearrangement. B. Presence in in the intergenic region between the S and Ns5a genes hCoV-OC43 (β-CoV Embecovirus) of sequences of various lengths of the same 5′-UTR region. As in the case of hCoV-HKU1, the 5′-UTR segment translocated to the intergenic region between S and Ns5a of hCoV-OC43 variants is similar to that of BCoV. Differences among them (all 245 isolates in GenBank) are distally to the TRS-B and involve various extents of sequences similar to the 5′-UTR of BCoV