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Table 2 Laboratory tests from the patients with EV infection, Guangzhou, China, 2019

From: Enterovirus B types cause severe infection in infants aged 0–3 months

Blood characteristics

All cases

0–3 months

 > 3 months

p

n = 115

n = 50

n = 65

N.D

WBC (3.5–9.5 × 109/L)

11.0 (7.4–13.8)

11.1 (8.6–13.9)

10.7 (7.2–13.3)

N.S

NEUT (1.8–6.3 × 109/L)

5.4 (3.1–8.6)

4.3 (2.7–6.9)

6.2 (3.5–9.5)

0.048

LYMPH (1.1–3.2 × 109/L)

3.3 (2–4.8)

4.2 (2.8–5.6)

2.6 (1.6–3.8)

0.006

PLT (125–350 × 109/L)

315 (255–403)

333 (261–432)

308 (249–383)

N.S

PCT (0–0.1 ng/mL)

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

0.2 (0.1–0.8)

0.2 (0.1–0.5)

N.S

CRP (0–10 mg/L)

10.1 (2.5–23.9)

3.5 (1.0–18.5)

15.3 (4.7–31.5)

0.004

ALT (9–40 U/L)

25 (18–33)

28.5 (21–42)

24 (17–31)

N.S

AST (15–40 U/L)

37 (31–49)

38 (30–57)

37 (32–47)

N.S

UA (208–428 μmol/L)

202 (154–304)

170 (133–212)

250 (190–337)

0.007

LDH (313–618 U/L)

629 (326–774)

716 (375–1075)

587 (299–695)

0.002

CK (40–200 U/L)

86 (63–141)

84 (60–115)

97 (64–159)

N.S

GLU (3.3–5.6 mmol/L)

5.8 (5.0–6.9)

5.8 (4.9–7.8)

5.9 (5.1–6.5)

N.S

CSF characteristics

All cases

0–3 months

 > 3 months

p

n = 60

n = 33

n = 27

N.D

WBC

3.0 (1.0–16.0)

8.0(3.0–48.0)

1.0 (0–2.5)

 < 0.001

Pleocytosis (%)

30.0 (18/60)

42.4 (14/33)

14.8 (4/27)

0.020

Protein (mg/dL)a

494 (167–935)

921 (629–1084)

151 (100–212)

 < 0.001

Elevated protein (%)

35.0 (21/60)

63.6 (21/33)

0

 < 0.001

LDH (U/L)

100 (60–124)

104 (50–149)

100 (100–104)

N.S

Cl (mmol/L)

121 (119–124)

122 (120–123)

121 (118–124)

N.S

Glucose (mg/dL)

2.9 (2.3–3.4)

2.4 (1.9–2.9)

3.3 (3.1–3.8)

 < 0.001

Low CSF glucose (%)

41.7 (25/60)

69.7 (23/33)

7.4 (2/27)

 < 0.001

Positive rate of EV (%)b

84.5 (153/181)

91.2 (83/91)

77.8 (70/90)

0.012

Stool (%)

100 (115/115)

100 (50/50)

100 (65/65)

N.S

Plasma (%)

90.9 (10/11)

90.9 (10/11)

0

N.D

CSF (%)

50.91 (28/55)

76.7 (23/30)

20.0 (5/25)

 < 0.001

  1. aCSF protein concentration was classified as normal if it was ≤ 900 mg/dL for newborn babies (aged ≤ 28 days) and ≤ 450 mg/dL for older children (aged > 28 days); bEV-RNA detected in stool, plasma, and CSF samples by fluorescence PCR
  2. EV Enterovirus; WBC White blood cell; NEUT Neutrophils; LYMPH Lymphocytes; PLT Platelets; PCT Procalcitonin; CRP C-reactive protein; ALT Alanine aminotransferase; AST Aspartate aminotransferase; UA Uric acid; LDH Lactate dehydrogenase; CK Creatine kinase; GLU Glucose; CSF Cerebrospinal fluid; Cl Chloride; N.S. No significant; N.D. Not detected