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Table 1 Review of similar cases with HHV-7 encephalitis in adults in the literature

From: Human herpesvirus 7 encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult and a literature review

Clinical diagnosis/immune status

Age

Gender

Primary infection/reactivation

Presentation

Cerebrospinal fluid

MRI/Brain CT

Antiviral therapy

Outcome

References

PCR/mNGS

Other

Survival

Neurological deficit

Encephalitis and inflammatory demyelinating disease/immunocompetent

28

Male

Primary infection

Headache,dizziness, fever, optic neuritis and epileptic-seizures

HHV-7 DNA in CSF (mNGS and PCR)

Anti-HHV-7 IgM and IgG in CSF,610 WBCs/mm3,protein 1.28 g/L, normal glucose

Hyperintensities involving the left frontal, orbital gyrus and bilateral optic nerve with substantial contrast enhancement (MRI)

Ganciclovir

Survived and remaining partially visually impaired

None

Li et al. [4]

Encephalitis/immunocompetent

44

Male

Reactivation

Gait impairment, anxiety, and urinary urgency

HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR)

60 lymphocytes/mm3,protein 0.449 g/L, normal glucose

Bilateral hyperintensities involving pyramidal tracts and basal ganglia with mild enhancement (MRI)

Ganciclovir、Foscarnet

Survived

Mild spasticity, hyperreflexia, and manageable sporadic urinary urgency

Corral et al. [5]

Encephalitis/immunocompetent

26

Male

NA

Fever, frontal headache, cervical and lumber pain, vomiting

HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR)

110 leucocytes, protein 0.82 g/L, glucose 0.6 g/L

Normal (MRI)

Acyclovir、Ganciclovir

Survived

None

Parra et al. [6]

Limbic encephalitis/immunocompetent

35

Male

Reactivation

General fatigue, fever, headache, vomiting, consciousness disturbance, and seizures

HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR)

Pleocytosis (35/mm3)with 94% lymphocytes, protein 0.765 g/L, glucose 1.13 g/L

High intensity areas in the bilateral hippocampi and periventricular white matter (MRI)

Acyclovir

Survived

None

Aburakawa et al. [7]

Neurosarcoidosis/immunocompetent

44

Male

Reactivation

Loss of visual acuity and papilledema

HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR)

Pleocytosis with 98% lymphocytes, protein 1.197 g/L, glucose 1.2 mmol/L

Papilledema(MRI)

None

Survived

NA

Martikainen et al. [8]

Encephalitis/stem cell recipient

52

Male

Reactivation

Impaired consciousness,short-term memory deficit,partial seizures

HHV-7 DNA in CSF(PCR)

Normal cell count and glucose and a mildly elevated protein level

Increased signal flair in the hippocampi(MRI)

Ganciclovir、Foscarnet

Died

NA

Holden [9]

Encephalitis/immunocompetent

26

Female

NA

Mental and behavior disorder, fever, coma, intermittent convulsions

HHV-7 DNA in CSF (mNGS)

1 leucocytes, protein 0.341 g/L, glucose 0.504 g/L

Normal (CT)

Acyclovir、Ganciclovir

Survived

None

Current case

  1. NA not available; PCR polymerase chain reaction; WBCs white blood cells; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; CT computed tomography; mNGS metagenomic next generation sequencing