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Fig. 2 | Virology Journal

Fig. 2

From: Narrative review on century of respiratory pandemics from Spanish flu to COVID-19 and impact of nanotechnology on COVID-19 diagnosis and immune system boosting

Fig. 2

Illustration of the reservoir of pandemic influenza viruses in 1918. Wild aquatic birds and other species are considered to be a source of all influenza viruses. Even though Transmission between humans and pigs has already been demonstrated and confirmed, there has been a less direct transmission of avian to humans Frequent (such as those with subtypes H9N2 and H5N1) but often fatal. Regarding Beta coronavirus, Bats are the reservoir of a wide variety of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-like viruses in 2002–2003, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 besides to camels as the natural host of MERS-CoV and COVID-19 in 2019–2020

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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X