Table 2 Comparison of the clinical characteristics of the HPIV-3 group between before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Factor | Before the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 72) | During the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 12) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 40 (55.6) | 7 (58.3) | 0.858 |
Age, months | 19 (10–29) | 25 (10–33) | 0.466 |
Underlying disease | 6 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.587 |
Symptoms | |||
Fever | 68 (94.4) | 12 (100.0) | > 0.99 |
Cough | 64 (88.9) | 9 (75.0) | 0.188 |
Rhinorrhea | 61 (84.7) | 7 (58.3) | 0.046 |
Sputum | 50 (69.4) | 4 (33.3) | 0.023 |
Dyspnea | 6 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.587 |
Vomiting | 4 (5.6) | 1 (8.3) | 0.547 |
Diarrhea | 6 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.587 |
Abdominal pain | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Rash | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Seizures | 2 (2.8) | 6 (50.0) | < 0.001 |
Diagnosis | |||
FWLS | 4 (5.6) | 1 (8.3) | 0.547 |
URI | 28 (38.9) | 10 (83.3) | 0.004 |
Croup | 6 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.587 |
Bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 34 (47.2) | 1 (8.3) | 0.011 |
Pneumonia | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Abnormal breath sounds | 30 (41.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.048 |
Rales | 13 (18.1) | 1 (8.3) | 0.681 |
Wheezing | 11 (15.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.351 |
Rhonchi | 6 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.587 |
Stridor | 5 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Chest x-ray abnormalities | 36 (50.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0.007 |
WBC count, /mm3 | 10,250 (7550–12,750) | 9000 (7550–11,050) | 0.565 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.2 (11.4–12.8) | 12.1 (10.9–12.7) | 0.735 |
Platelet count, /mm3 | 278,000 (221,500–362,500) | 273,500 (247,000–366,000) | 0.749 |
ESR, mm/h | 10 (4–20) | 2 (2–3) | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.79 (0.28–2.28) | 0.28 (0.09–1.85) | 0.140 |
AST level elevationa | 8 (11.1) | 2 (16.7) | 0.630 |
ALT level elevationa | 5 (6.9) | 1 (8.3) | > 0.99 |
LDH level elevationa | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Severe complications | |||
Oxygen therapy | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
ICU admission | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |