Factor | HPIV-1 group (N = 49) | HPIV-2 group (N = 18) | HPIV-3 group (N = 84) | HPIV-4 group (N = 39) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 28 (57.1) | 11 (61.1) | 47 (56.0) | 28 (71.8) | 0.390 |
Age, months | 23 (11–32) | 44 (21–62) | 20 (10–30) | 32 (14–66) | 0.002 |
Age group | 0.015 | ||||
< 12 months | 14 (28.6) | 2 (11.1) | 26 (31.0) | 10 (25.6) | |
12–23 months | 12 (24.5) | 3 (16.7) | 27 (32.1) | 8 (20.5) | |
24–35 months | 14 (28.6) | 3 (16.7) | 14 (16.7) | 4 (10.3) | |
≥ 36 months | 9 (18.4) | 10 (55.6) | 17 (20.2) | 17 (43.6) | |
Underlying disease | 4 (8.2) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (7.1) | 8 (20.5) | 0.142 |
Symptoms | |||||
Fever | 48 (98.0) | 18 (100.0) | 80 (95.2) | 30 (76.9) | < 0.001 |
Fever days | 4 (3–5) | 2 (1–4) | 4 (2–5) | 2 (1–4) | 0.005 |
Cough | 48 (98.0) | 15 (83.3) | 73 (86.9) | 35 (89.7) | 0.155 |
Rhinorrhea | 40 (81.6) | 13 (72.2) | 68 (81.0) | 26 (66.7) | 0.267 |
Sputum | 39 (79.6) | 7 (38.9) | 54 (64.3) | 33 (84.6) | 0.001 |
Dyspnea | 4 (8.2) | 1 (5.6) | 6 (7.1) | 4 (10.3) | 0.918 |
Vomiting | 7 (14.3) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (6.0) | 2 (5.1) | 0.078 |
Diarrhea | 5 (10.2) | 3 (16.7) | 6 (7.1) | 1 (2.6) | 0.278 |
Abdominal pain | 4 (8.2) | 3 (16.7) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (2.6) | 0.058 |
Rash | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (5.1) | 0.677 |
Seizures | 1 (2.0) | 2 (11.1) | 8 (9.5) | 1 (2.6) | 0.203 |
Diagnosis | |||||
FWLS | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.061 |
URI | 11 (22.4) | 10 (55.6) | 38 (45.2) | 11 (28.2) | 0.012 |
Croup | 13 (26.5) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
Bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 25 (51.0) | 4 (22.2) | 35 (41.7) | 24 (61.5) | 0.029 |
Pneumonia | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (10.3) | 0.074 |
Abnormal breath sounds | 30 (61.2) | 3 (16.7) | 31 (36.9) | 19 (48.7) | 0.004 |
Rales | 10 (20.4) | 1 (5.6) | 14 (16.7) | 10 (25.6) | 0.304 |
Wheezing | 5 (10.2) | 1 (5.6) | 11 (13.1) | 10 (25.6) | 0.111 |
Rhonchi | 7 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (7.1) | 5 (12.8) | 0.236 |
Stridor | 10 (20.4) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.004 |
Chest x-ray abnormalities | 25 (51.0) | 4 (22.2) | 37 (44.0) | 27 (69.2) | 0.006 |
WBC count, /mm3 | 8800 (6400–11,600) | 11,050(8700–13,400) | 9550 (7550–12,600) | 10,200 (8350–11,750) | 0.285 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.0 (11.5–12.8) | 11.9 (11.1–12.9) | 12.2 (11.4–12.8) | 12.5 (11.8–13.0) | 0.441 |
Platelet count, /mm3 | 250,000 (212,000–325,000) | 246,500 (211,000–307,000) | 278,000 (230,500–363,500) | 303,000 (232,000–332,000) | 0.247 |
ESR, mm/h | 8 (2–18) | 8 (4–12) | 8 (2–17) | 11 (5–21) | 0.454 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.82 (0.20–1.41) | 0.75 (0.14–2.15) | 0.71 (0.25–2.28) | 0.66 (0.19–2.20) | 0.851 |
AST level elevationa | 8 (16.3) | 1 (5.6) | 10 (11.9) | 7 (17.9) | 0.547 |
ALT level elevationa | 3 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (7.1) | 3 (7.7) | 0.699 |
LDH level elevationa | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.6) | 0.680 |
Severe complications | |||||
Oxygen therapy | 1 (2.0) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (2.4) | 4 (10.3) | 0.180 |
ICU admission | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.273 |