High-density lipoproteins may play a crucial role in COVID-19

Table 1 Prevalence (%) of abnormal total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and triglyceride levels in the Indian population as documented in several studies across different parts of the country

Authors/references	No of subjects	Pubmed Id	Year	High TC (%) > 200 mg/dl	High LDL (%) > 130 mg/dl	Low HDL (%) < 55 mg/dl	TG (%) > 150 mg/dl
Gupta et al. [60]	1800	11,999,090	2002	39.1	41.5	55	–
Prabhakaran et al. [59]	2122	15,981,439	2005	30.1	67.2	33	–
Mehan et al. [62]	220	16,855,315	2006	40.5	–	–	–
Gupta et al. [57]	1091	18,051,732	2007	39.1	41.5	55	–
Chow et al. [58]	345	16,839,628	2007	12.3	12.3	87.2	–
Kaur et al. [61]	2262	18,290,552	2007	30.3	–	–	–
Sawant et al. [75]	1805	18,472,509	2008	38.7	–	64.2	–
Sawant et al. [75]	1805	18,472,509	2008	23.3	–	33.8	–
Choa et al. (Male data) [63]	1375	20,876,149	2010	–	–	–	26.9
Choa et al. (Female data) [63]	608	20,876,149	2010	–	–	–	27.4
Pandey et al. [64]	4435	21,880,382	2013	–	–	–	20
Joshi et al. [66]	2000	24,817,067	2014	13.9	11.8	72.3	29.5
Guptha et al. (Male data) [65]	3388	24,973,832	2014	25.1	16.3	33.6	–
Guptha et al. (Female data) [65]	2735	24,973,832	2014	25.1	16.3	33.6	–
Ajay Raj et al. (Urban) [76]	325	–	2016	30.9	33.4	30.9	47.9
Ajay Raj et al. (Rural) [76]	325	–	2016	25.1	23.1	36.9	40.0
Gupta et al. (Male data) [67]	2102	28,648,438	2017	–	–	–	32.2
Gupta et al. (Female data) [67]	781	28,648,438	2017	–	–	–	20.1
Gupta et al. [77]	50	–	2018	2	4	4	14
Fatmi et al. (Chennai, India) [78]	6906	33,904,416	2021	31.3	29.1	49.7	34.6
Fatmi et al. (Delhi, India) [78]	5364	33,904,416	2021	28.8	21.2	67.1	33.6

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