Fig. 6

The NF-κB signaling pathway is required for cytokine production induced by PEDV/BVDV mono- or coinfection. A PK15 cells were cotransfected with pNFκB-luc (100 ng) and pRL-TK (10 ng). At 24 h.p.i., cells were monoinfected with PEDV strain JS-2/2014 or BVDV strain SH-28 or coinfected with both at an MOI of 1 and then harvested for luciferase activity analysis at 24 h.p.i.. B PK15 cells were monoinfected with PEDV strain JS-2/2014 or BVDV strain SH-28 or coinfected with both at an MOI of 1. At 6 and 24 h.p.i., the cells were harvested to detect p-IκBα and IκBα by Western Blot analysis. C PK15 cells were pretreated with 1 μM BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor) or DMSO as control, and then monoinfected with PEDV strain JS-2/2014 or BVDV strain SH-28 or coinfected with both at an MOI of 1. Cells were collected at 24 h.p.i. for qPCR to analyze the relative expression of the target genes. The error bars represent the SD of the means from three independent experiments. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)