Table 1 Descriptive summary of 21 studies included in the meta-analysis for the pooled prevalence of human noroviruses in Africa among studies reported from 2015 to 2021
Author | Study period | Country | African region | Type of study | Age | Diagnosis method | Sample size | Total positive | Samples genotyped | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Esteves et al. (2018) | June 2012–Oct. 2013 | Angola | Central Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 334 | 58 | 46 | [52] |
Ouedraogo et al. (2016) | Nov. 2011-Sept. 2012 | Burkinafaso | Central Africa | Case control |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 263 | 55 | 29 | [19] |
Mugyia et al. (2019) | Jan. 2010–Dec. 2013 | Cameroon | Central Africa | Surveillance |  < 5 | RT-PCR | 902 | 76 | 76 | [42] |
Louya et al. (2019) | June 2012–June 2013 | Congo | Central Africa | Surveillance |  < 5 | RT-qPCR | 545 | 148 | None | [53] |
Ronnelid et al. (2020) | Jan.–Dec. 2015 | Burkinafasso | Central Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 146 | 29 | 24 | [54] |
Lekana-D et al. (2015) | March 2010–June 2011 | Gabon | Central Africa | Surveillance |  < 5 | Multiplex PCR | 317 | 73 | None | [55] |
Gelaw et al. (2019) | Nov. 2015–April 2016 | Ethiopia | East Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 450 | 60 | 60 | [11] |
Sisay et al. (2016) | June–Sept. 2013 | Ethiopia | East Africa | Cross-sectional | All ages | RT-PCR | 213 | 54 | 22 | [12] |
Shioda et al. (2016) | Oct. 2006–Feb. 2009 & June 2007–Oct. 2008 | Kenya | East Africa | Surveillance | All ages | RT-PCR | 858 | 264 | None | [56] |
Wainaina et al. (2020) | April–June 2017 | Kenya | East Africa | Cross-sectional | Adult | RT-PCR | 283 | 43 | None | [57] |
Hungerford et al. (2020) | Nov. 2012–Dec. 2015 | Malawi | East Africa | Case control |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 1211 | 118 | 64 | [58] |
Howard et al. (2017) | July 2012–Oct. 2013 | Zambia | East Africa | Surveillance |  < 5 | RT-PCR | 454 | 52 | None | [59] |
Makhaola et al. (2018) | July 2013–Dec. 2015 | Botswana | South Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 484 | 45 | 33 | [60] |
Kabue et al. (2018) | July 2014– Aril 2015 | South Africa | South Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 303 | 104 | None | [61] |
Rossouw et al. (2021) | July 2013–Dec. 2017 | South Africa | South Africa | Cohort |  < 5 | Multiplex PCR | 205 | 32 | 28 | [26] |
Nxele et al. (2017) | June–August 2014 | South Africa | South Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 182 | 41 | None | [62] |
Molondo et al. (2020) | August 2017–Oct. 2018 | South Africa | South Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 80 | 13 | 4 | [27] |
Tatay et al. (2018) | June–May 2017 | Sudan | North Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 66 | 19 | None | [63] |
Elsayed et al. (2019) | Jan. 2018–May 2019 | Egypt | North Africa | Cross-sectional |  < 18 | Rt-qPCR | 200 | 61 | None | [64] |
Lartey et al. (2020) | Jan. 2008–Dec. 2017 | Ghana | West Africa | Surveillance |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 1337 | 485 | None | [65] |
Osazuwa et al. (2020) | March 2018–Feub. 2019 | Nigeria | West Africa | Case control |  < 5 | Rt-qPCR | 405 | 45 | 45 | [21] |