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Table 3 Effects of different doses of ATRA and H9N2 virus on the survival of mice

From: All-trans retinoic acid increases the pathogenicity of the H9N2 influenza virus in mice

Clinical application of ATRA

Groups

Dosage of ATRA (mg/kg)

Time post-infection (days)

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

19

 

Blanka

0

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

Low therapeutic dose

ATRA1b

1

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

Medium therapeutic dose

ATRA2c

5

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

 

ATRA3d

10

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

High therapeutic dose

ATRA4e

20

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

Toxic dose

ATRA5f

40

100 (18/18)

100 (18/18)

100 (18/18)

100 (18/18)

100 (18/18)

89 (16/18)

56 (10/18)

0 (0/18)∆∆

 

ATRA6g

60

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

82 (18/22)

27 (6/22)

0 (0/22)∆∆

 

ATRA7h

80

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

27 (6/22)

0 (0/22)

0 (0/22)

0 (0/22)∆∆

 

H9N2i

0

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

100 (20/20)

Low therapeutic dose

ATRA1 + H9N2j

1

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

Medium therapeutic dose

ATRA2 + H9N2k

5

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

95 (21/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

 

ATRA3 + H9N2l

10

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

95 (21/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

High therapeutic dose

ATRA4 + H9N2m

20

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

95 (21/22)

95 (21/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

Toxic dose

ATRA5 + H9N2n

40

100 (22/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

91 (20/22)

82 (18/22)

82 (18/22)

73 (16/22)

0 (0/22) ##**

 

ATRA6 + H9N2o

60

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

45 (10/22)

0 (0/22)

0 (0/22) ##**

 

ATRA7 + H9N2p

80

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

100 (22/22)

91 (20/22)

36 (8/22)

0 (0/22)

0 (0/22)

0 (0/22)**

  1. Data are presented as survival rate (%) (the number of mice alive/total number of mice observed). n = 18–22. Statistical analyses were performed with the log-rank test. ATRA group or H9N2 group compared with blank group: ∆, P < 0.05; ∆∆, P < 0.01; ATRA + H9N2 group compared with ATRA group: #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ATRA + H9N2 group compared with H9N2 group: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. a: Blank, mice administered sterile PBS inoculation and cottonseed oil injection; b–h: ATRA1-ATRA7, mice administered sterile PBS inoculation and ATRA injection (1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg, respectively); i: H9N2, mice administered H9N2 virus (105TCID50) inoculation and cottonseed oil injection; j–p: ATRA1 + H9N2-ATRA7 + H9N2, mice administered H9N2 virus (105 TCID50) inoculation and ATRA injection (1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg, respectively). Mice that lost more than 30% of their original body weight were euthanized and considered dead on that day. ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; TCID50, median tissue culture infective dose
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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X