Fig. 9
From: All-trans retinoic acid increases the pathogenicity of the H9N2 influenza virus in mice
Effects of a therapeutic dose of ATRA on CRABP1, CRABP2, and RIG-I expression in mice infected with the H9N2 virus. Mice were treated with ATRA, H9N2 virus, or H9N2 virus and ATRA. Expression levels of CRABP1, CRABP2, and RIG-I were tested by Western blotting at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days. a Expression of CRABP1 at protein level in mice. b Expression of CRABP2 at protein level in mice. c Expression of RIG-I at protein level in mice. Blank, mice receiving sterile PBS inoculation and cottonseed oil injection at 0–9 days after inoculation; ATRA1-ATRA3, mice receiving sterile PBS inoculation and ATRA injection (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively) at 0–9 days after inoculation; H9N2, mice receiving H9N2 virus (105.5 TCID50) inoculation and cottonseed oil injection at 0–9 days after inoculation; ATRA1 + H9N2-ATRA3 + H9N2, mice receiving H9N2 virus (105.5 TCID50) inoculation and ATRA injection (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively) at 0–9 days after inoculation. ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; TCID50, median tissue culture infective dose; CRABP1, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1; CRABP2, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I