Fig. 7
From: All-trans retinoic acid increases the pathogenicity of the H9N2 influenza virus in mice
Effects of therapeutic dose of ATRA on viral load of mice infected with H9N2 virus. The viral load of mice injected with ATRA1, ATRA2, and ATRA3 was test at 3 (a), 5 (b), 7 (c), and 9 (d) days after H9N2 virus (105.5 TCID50) infection, respectively. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, and presented as mean. ATRA group or H9N2 group compared with blank group: ∆, P < 0.05; ∆∆, P < 0.01; ATRA + H9N2 group compared with ATRA group: #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ATRA + H9N2 group compared with H9N2 group: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. n = 5. Blank, mice receiving sterile PBS inoculation and cottonseed oil injection at 0–9 days after inoculation; ATRA1-ATRA3, mice receiving sterile PBS inoculation and ATRA injection (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively) at 0–9 days after inoculation; H9N2, mice receiving H9N2 virus (105.5 TCID50) inoculation and cottonseed oil injection at 0–9 days after inoculation; ATRA1 + H9N2-ATRA3 + H9N2, mice receiving H9N2 virus (105.5 TCID50) inoculation and ATRA injection (1, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively) at 0–9 days after inoculation. ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; TCID50, median tissue culture infective dose