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Table 4 Results of subgroup analysis based on various variables for virus titer outcome

From: Effect of herbal compounds on coronavirus; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Subgroup

Number of experiments

Heterogeneity (p value)

ES (95% CI)

p value

Chemical structure

 Phenolic compound

7

84.7% (< 0.0001)

− 7.40 (− 10.81 to − 3.97)

 < 0.0001

 Lectin

3

29.4% (< 0.24)

− 18.36 (− 26.60 to − 10.88)

 < 0.0001

 Extract of plant

4

84.3% (< 0.0001)

− 21.83 (− 37.83 to − 5.84)

0.007

 Alkaloid

2

53.5% (0.143)

− 27.18 (− 48.84 to − 5.39)

0.014

 Peptide

4

23.1%(0.27)

− 10.235(− 14.73 to − 5.74)

 < 0.0001

Virus strain

 MERS-COV-2

3

70.8% (< 0.0001)

− 10.50 (− 18.91 to − 2.10)

0.014

 HcoV

8

79.1% (< 0.0001)

− 17.00 (− 23.36 to − 10.64)

 < 0.0001

 SARS-COV-2

9

80.3% (< 0.0001)

− 9.70 (− 14.23 to − 5.175)

 < 0.0001

Cell line

 Human

10

79.5% (< 0.0001)

− 8.96 (− 12.56 to − 5.35)

 < 0.0001

 Monkey

10

75.7% (< 0.0001)

− 15.22 (− 20.31 to − 10.13)

 < 0.0001