Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of HBsAg seropositive among HIV co-infected patients from northwest Ethiopia
Variables | Seropositive for HBV | Total | X2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-viraemic | Viraemic | ||||
Age group (in years) | |||||
 18–40 | 42 (47.2) | 47 (52.8) | 88 (62.2) |  |  |
 41–61 | 30 (55.6) | 24 (44.4) | 54 (37.8) | 0.9 | 0.33 |
Sex | |||||
 Male | 30 (46.9) | 34 (53.3) | 64 (44.8) |  |  |
 Female | 42 (53.2) | 37 (46.8) | 79 (52.2) | 0.56 | 0.45 |
WHO staging | |||||
 I | 41 (47.7) | 45 (52.3) | 86 (60.1) |  |  |
 II | 5 (29.4) | 12 (70.6) | 17 (11.9) |  |  |
 III | 6 (60.0) | 4 (40.0) | 10 (7.0) |  |  |
 IV | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 7 (4.9) | 12.1 | 0.02 |
 Status unknown | 18 (78.3) | 5 (21.7) | 23 (16.1) |  |  |
ART status at the time of blood collection | |||||
 Naïve | 17 (34.0) | 33 (66.0) | 50 (35.0) |  |  |
 Experienced | 55 (59.1) | 38 (40.9) | 93 (65.0) | 8.2 | 0.004 |
Basis for ART eligibility | |||||
 Clinical only | 14 (70.0) | 6 (30.0) | 20 (14.0) |  |  |
 CD4+ | 21 (56.8) | 16 (43.2) | 37 (25.9) |  |  |
 CD4+  + Clinical | 20 (55.6) | 16 (44.4) | 36 (25.9) | 1.3 | 0.53 |
ART regimen at the time of blood collection | |||||
 d4t-3TC-NVP/EFV | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) |  |  |
 AZT-3TC-NVP/EFV | 29 (52.7) | 26 (47.3) | 55 (63.2) |  |  |
 TDF-3TC-NVP/EFV | 20 (66.7) | 10 (33.3) | 30 (34.5) |  |  |
 3TC/AZT/Kaletra | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 4.2 | 0.52 |
Duration (Months) on ART | |||||
 Not started | 18 (41.5) | 23 (58.5) | 41 (28.7) |  |  |
 1–36 months | 8 (25.0) | 24 (75.0) | 32 (22.4) |  |  |
 37–73 months | 28 (68.3) | 13 (31.7) | 41 (28.7) |  |  |
 74–109 months | 17 (63.0) | 10 (37.0) | 27 (18.9) |  |  |
    > 109 months | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (1.4) | 16.0 | 0.007 |
ART regimens switch from baseline | |||||
 No | 29 (54.7) | 24 (45.3) | 53 (57.0) |  |  |
 Yes | 26 (65.0) | 14 (35.0) | 40 (44.1) | 0.98 | 0.32 |
Reason for ART regimen change | |||||
 Drug toxicity | 12 (63.2) | 7 (36.8) | 19 (46.3) |  |  |
 Tuberculosis infection | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.9) |  |  |
 Clinical/immunological/virological failure | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (2.4) |  |  |
 Other reasons (risk of pregnancy, etc.) | 12 (63.2) | 7 (36.8) | 19 (46.3) | 2.9 | 0.41 |
ART toxicity encountered | |||||
 No | 43 (58.1) | 31 (41.9) | 74 (79.6) |  |  |
 Yes | 12 (63.2) | 9 (36.8) | 19 (20.4) | 0.2 | 0.69 |
Immune reconstituted syndrome (IRS) | |||||
 No | 46 (56.8) | 35 (43.2) | 81 (56.6) |  |  |
 Yes | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 6 (4.2) |  |  |
 Not determined | 22 (39.3) | 34 (60.7) | 56 (39.2) | 4.7 | 0.09 |
Current opportunistic infections | |||||
 No | 69 (50.4) | 68 (49.6) | 137 (95.8) |  |  |
 Yes | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | 6 (4.2) | 0.0 | 0.97 |
Previous opportunistic infections | |||||
 No | 49 (51.6) | 46 (48.4) | 95 (66.4) |  |  |
 Yes | 23 (47.9) | 25 (52.1) | 48 (33.6) | 0.17 | 0.68 |
Tuberculosis treated before | |||||
 No | 60 (51.7) | 48 (50.3) | 116 (81.1) |  |  |
 Yes | 12 (44.4) | 15 (55.6) | 27 (18.9) | 0.46 | 0.50 |