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Table 2 The geometric mean of substitution frequency and general mutation rate of viruses from 5th generation

From: The PB1 gene from H9N2 avian influenza virus showed high compatibility and increased mutation rate after reassorting with a human H1N1 influenza virus

Virus strain

Origination of the 5th generation

Fg

Fg/ntd

Fg

Fg/nt

Fg

Fg/nt

HAa (RUN1, RUN2)

HA1b (RUN1, RUN2)

HA2c (RUN1, RUN2)

A2093

MDCK

1.13E−02, 0

3.69E−05, 0

9.38E−03, 0

4.94E−05, 0

1.75E−02, 0

2.91E−05, 0

WSN

 

1.84E−02, 1.32E−02

4.77E−05, 1.37E−04

2.10E−02, 1.63E−02

3.49E−05, 5.82E−05

1.67E−02, 1.53E−02

9.56E−05, 2.47E−04

A2093HANAPB1/WSN

 

2.35E−02, 3.55E−02

1.71E−04, 1.16E−04

3.27E−02, 3.55E−02

4.16E−04, 3.14E−04

1.58E−02, 0

2.63E−05, 0

A2093HANAPA/WSN

 

1.20E−02, 0

3.85E−05, 0

1.03E−02, 0

5.31E−05, 0

1.75E−02, 0

2.91E−05, 0

A2093HANANP/WSN

 

1.25E−02, na

4.82E−05, na

9.99E−03, na

5.21E−05, na

1.57E−02, 0

2.61E−05, 0

A2093

MOUSE LUNG

1.43E−02, 2.24E−02

2.62E−04, 2.34E−04

1.89E−02, 3.72E−02

6.00E−04, 5.32E−04

8.93E−03, 1.22E−02

9.18E−05, 6.19E−05

WSN

 

1.38E−02, 1.63E−02

2.90E−04, 2.62E−04

1.64E−02, 2.34E−02

5.75E−04, 4.94E−04

1.17E−02, 1.31E−02

1.45E−04, 1.65E−04

A2093HANAPB1/WSN

 

1.82E−02, 2.49E−02

5.03E−04, 4.98E−04

1.77E−02, 3.44E−02

9.49E−04, 9.04E−04

2.06E−02, 2.12E−02

3.91E−04, 3.99E−04

A2093HANAPA/WSN

 

3.96E−02, 2.91E−02

6.17E−04, 6.13E−04

4.91E−02, 2.43E−02

1.34E−03, 1.38E−03

4.66E−02, 3.93E−02

3.06E−04, 2.80E−04

A2093HANANP/WSN

 

1.30E−02, 1.34E−02

1.60E−04, 1.61E−04

1.35E−02, 1.35E−02

3.36E−04, 3.07E−04

8.27E−03, 9.55E−03

4.15E−05, 5.10E−05

  1. The cutoff value for the mutation rate calculation was fi > 0.006 which was generated based on the NGS data from parent virus as backgroud control. The value 0 indicated no locations has the fi > 0.006; the na. indicated no NGS data available. athe H9 HA1&2 of A2093 is 55–1680 of ORF region, the H1 HA1&2 of WSN is 52–1695; bThe hot-spot region are 350–950 for both; cHA2 for WSN strain is 1030–1630, for A 2093 strain is 1015–1615. dFg/nt, mutation/site/infection cycle