Resistance induction based on the understanding of molecular interactions between plant viruses and host plants

Table 3 Plant activators and microbes that induce host resistance against plant viruses

Plant activator and microbe^a	Virus^b	Host	Resistance	Hormones^c	Reference
ASM	PIAMV, PVX, TuMV, CCYV	Nicotiana benthamiana,Cucumis melo	Systemic	SA	[131, 132]
BABA	TMV	N. tabacum	HR	SA	[133]
Probenazol	TMV	N. tabacum	HR	SA	[134]
	TMV	N. benthamiana	Systemic	BR	[135]
Brassinosteroid	RSV	Oyaza sativa	Systemic	JA/BR	[136]
	CMV	Cucurbita pepo	Systemic	BR	[137]
Chitosan	TBSV	Phaseolus vulgaris	HR	SA	[138]
Quassinoids	TMV	N. tabacum, N. glutinosa	Systemic, HR	Not reported	[139]
Quinolizidine alkaloids	TMV	N. tabacum	Systemic	Not reported	[140]
Harpin popW	TMV	N. tabacum	HR	SA	[141]
Soluble silicon	TRSV, TMV	N. tabacum	Systemic	SA	[142]
Esterified whey protein fractions (EWPF)	TMV	N. tabacum	HR	SA	[143]
Eudesmanolides	TMV	N. tabacum, N. glutinosa	Systemic, HR	SA	[144]
Spermine and longer polyamines	CMV	Arabidopsis thaliana	Systemic	SA	[145]
PABA	TMV	Capsicum annuum	Systemic	SA	[146]
Eugenol	TYLCV	Solanum lycopersicum	Systemic	SA	[147]
Ningnanmicin	TMV	N. tabacum	Systemic	SA	[148]
SHAM	CMV	A. thaliana	Systemic	SA	[149]
Ascorobic acid	TuMV	Brassica rapa	Systemic	JA	[150]
2,3-butanediol	CMV, TMV	C. annuum	Systemic	SA/JA/ET	[151]
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600	TSWV, PVY	S. lycopersicum	Systemic	SA	[152]
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain 5B6	BBWV, CMV, PepMoV	C. annuum	Systemic	SA / JA	[153]
Penicillium simplicissimum	CMV	A. thaliana, N. tabacum, N. benthamiana	Systemic	SA/ JA/ET	[154]
Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (T22)	CMV	S. lycopersicum	Systemic	SA/JA/ET	[155]
Pseudozyma churashimaensis (Yeast)	CMV, PeMMoV, PeMoV, BBWV	C. annuum	Systemic	SA/JA/ET	[156]

^aASM, acibenzolar-S-methyl; BABA, β- aminobutyric acid; SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid; PABA, para-aminobenzoic acid
^bAbbreviations are explained in Table 1
^cBR, brassinosteroid; SA, salisylic acid; JA, jasmonic acid; ET, ethylene

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