Fig. 3

Summary of strategies of targeting viral entry at the surface membrane. Four approaches are highlighted including antibody-based inhibitors that consists of monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies. Receptor decoys consists of WT soluble ACE2 or versions of ACE2 that are engineered to have high affinity than WT ACE2. Various inhibitors mainly based on HR2 of S2 have also been designed to prevent fusion of the S2 with cellular membrane. Also, peptides and small molecules that are designed to interfere with the S1 RBD and ACE2 interaction have also been made. (Figure created using Biorender)