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Table 5 Levels of inflammatory cytokines at admission in different subgroups of patients who developed ARDS (n = 42)*

From: Specific cytokines in the inflammatory cytokine storm of patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and extrapulmonary multiple-organ dysfunction

Outcome

Subgroups

IL-6

P value

IL-8

P value

IL-10

P value

TNF-α

P value

Septic shock

Yes (n = 33)

54.88 (26.64–161.65)

0.29

21.90 (13.05–60.70)

0.417

10.50 (5.30–20.05)

0.127

10.3 (7.15–19.70)

0.391

 

No (n = 9)

31.76 (19.30–72.91)

 

29.9 (20.20–72.10)

 

6.10 (4.25–13.35)

 

9.3 (7.6–10.7)

 

DIC

Yes (n = 21)

96.99 (37.62–214.90)

 < 0.001

47.00 (19.3–103.25)

0.016

14.40 (5.85–25.4)

0.006

11.0 (7.8–26.4)

0.131

 

No (n = 21)

29.32 (11.23–47.98)

 

17.50 (11.95–30.45)

 

6.20 (5.0–9.85)

 

9.30 (7.15–12.35)

 

AKI

Yes (n = 21)

59.83 (31.02–200.90)

0.013

30.50 (15.55–103.25)

0.199

10.70 (5.40–20.05)

0.087

11.30 (8.4–26.4)

0.047

 

No (n = 21)

35.50 (18.11–106.09)

 

22.90 (12.75–55.20)

 

6.4 (5.0–13.20)

 

9.30 (6.85–10.9)

 

Cardiac injury

Yes (n = 33)

59.83 (26.64–161.65)

0.112

30.30 (14.50–75.25)

0.567

10.7 (5.3–20.05)

0.112

10.30 (7.30–19.70)

0.171

 

No (n = 9)

29.54 (19.30–47.98)

 

22.90 (15.45–48.55)

 

6.1 (4.23–11.0)

 

9.30 (6.9–9.77)

 

Hepatic injuryy

Yes (n = 13)

64.78 (34.74–186.15)

0.268

30.30 (16.80–89.60)

0.419

10.08 (5.3–25.4)

0.332

11.30 (7.45–41.55)

0.257

 

No (n = 29)

43.38 (20.98–99.99)

 

21.90 (13.70–68.45)

 

7.9 (5.12–15.0)

 

9.5 (7.5–13.05)

 

28-day survival

No (n = 32)

60.46 (30.36–185.03)

0.018

30.01 (14.25–71.93)

0.432

10.8 (5.4–24.08)

0.014

10.30 (7.48–19.68)

0.247

 

Yes (n = 10)

28.81 (10.12–47.55)

 

23.95 (16.48–42.50)

 

5.5 (4.19–8.18)

 

8.6 (6.45–10.50)

 
  1. *After exclusion of 22 patients, as indicated in Fig. 1
  2. DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, AKI acute kidney injury