Comorbidity | Frequency (%) | Studies reported |
|---|
Median (%) | IQR |
|---|
Hypertension | 28.60 | 10.8–45.4 | 8 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 14.60 | 10.1–21.4 | 9 |
Diabetes | 13.20 | 10.2–30.1 | 12 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 8.30 | 2.1–14.3 | 6 |
Chronic lung disease | 3.20 | 1.4–15.9 | 4 |
Chronic kidney disease | 7.20 | 2.9–20.8 | 7 |
Immunocompromised state | 4.80 | 1.1–11.4 | 6 |
Chronic liver disease | 2.70 | 1.8–5.0 | 6 |
- Diabetes was the most frequently recorded comorbidity but hypertension had the highest prevalance amongst patients of the studies that recorded hypertension as a comorbididty. Obesity, underlying endocrine disorders, autoimmune disease, gastrointestinal diseases and obstructive sleep apnea were aslo noted
- Chen et al. [73] and Zhang et al. [83] reported presence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases collectively in 40.4% and 14.3% of their participants respectively
- Chen et al. [73] and Zhang et al. [83] also reported presence of underlying chronic gastrointestinal diseases in 11.1% and 9.3%, and underlying endocrine diseases other than diabetes—such as thyroid disorders—in 1.1% and 3.6% of the patients respectively
- Richardson et al. [107] and Goyal et al. [108] also reported obesity in 60.6% and 35.8% of their participants
- Chen et al. also recorded presence of autoimmune disease in 1.1% of their participants [73]
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) was noted by Richardson [106], Arentz [109], and Bhatraju [66] as comorbidity amongst 2.7%, 28.8% and 20.8% of their participants respectively
