Fig. 6From: HIV-1 Vpr activates host CRL4-DCAF1 E3 ligase to degrade histone deacetylase SIRT7Two alternative modes of Vpr-mediated degradation of cellular targets via CRL4-DCAF1. a Vpr directly binds substrates and loads them onto the CRL4-DCAF1 for poly-ubiquitination. b The substrates are recruited to the CRL4-DCAF1 and some are mono-ubiquitinated. Vpr binds to the CRL4-DCAF1-substrate complex and promotes poly-ubiqiitination of the substrates. Vpr may or may not directly interact with the substratesBack to article page