Fig. 3

Neutralization of St19pv and VSVpv infections through sera from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or a COVID-19 PCR-negative donor. The pseudotyped viruses were preincubated with two a 100-fold dilution of sera from 23 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (a) or 19 COVID-19 PCR-negative donors (b). Thereafter, Vero cells were infected with pseudotyped viruses. Infectivities of pseudotyped viruses were determined by measuring luciferase activities 24 h post-infection. The results are from three independent assays with error bars representing standard deviations. c A summary of the results of (a) and (b) divided by pseudotyped viruses are represented by dot plot analyses. The significance of any differences in the means was determined using the Student’s t test. ****P < 0.0001