Table 1 Oncogenic viruses, associated malignancies and oncogenes

HPV

Cervical cancer

Oropharyngeal cancer

Vagina cancer

Penile cancer

Anal cancer

Vulvar cancer

E6^a

E7^a

[12, 13]

HTLV-1

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

HTLV-1 associated

myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)

HBZ RNA

HBZ protein

[14]

EBV

(HHV-4)

Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL)

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL)

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)

NK/T cell lymphoma

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)

Gastric carcinoma (GC)

Latent coding

 EBNA1^a

 EBNA2

 EBNA3A

 EBNA3C

 LMP1^a

 LMP2A^a

Latent non-coding

 EBERs

 EBV miRNAs^a

[15, 16]

KSHV

(HHV-8)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL)

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD)

Latent coding

 LANA^a

 Kaposin

 Viral cyclin (vCyclin)

 Viral FLIP (vFLIP)

Latent non-coding

 K12-miRNAs^a

[17, 18]

MCPyV

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)

Large antigen (LT)^a

Small antigen (sT)^a

[19]