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Fig. 1 | Virology Journal

Fig. 1

From: Autophagy is involved in the replication of H9N2 influenza virus via the regulation of oxidative stress in alveolar epithelial cells

Fig. 1

Autophagy is involved in H9N2 influenza virus replication (I). A549 cells were pre-treated with 10 μM LY294002, 10 mM 3-MA for 2 h, followed by infection with the H9N2 influenza virus (MOI = 1). (a, b) Cells were collected at 24 h p.i. and the protein expression levels of LC3-II were detected by western blot analysis. The expression levels of LC3-II were examined as ratios of intensities of GAPDH bands. **P < 0.01 relative to control. ##P < 0.01 relative to H9N2. (c) Fluorescence of GFP-LC3B was analyzed by confocal microscopy at 24 h p.i.. a: Control cells. b: H9N2 treated cells. c: H9N2 and LY294002 treated cells. d: H9N2 and 3-MA treated cells. (d–f) A549 cells were pre-treated with 100 nM rapamycin for 12 h, 10 μM LY294002, 10 mM 3-MA for 2 h, followed by infection with the H9N2 influenza virus. Supernatants from A549 cells were collected, and the viral titer was determined by measuring TCID50;**P < 0.01 relative to H9N2

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