Fig. 5

Comparative effectiveness of selected disinfectants in different application rates against CGMMV infectivity. The chart depicts CGMMV infectivity remained after treatment of disinfectants at different application rate. a Clorox, b SP 2700, c Lactoferrin, and d Virocid within a short exposure time (> 60 s) on watermelon “Sugarbaby” plants. The effects from various concentrations of disinfectants on watermelon plants against CGMMV infection are shown with symptom expression on the test plants and confirmation test by ELISA, e (Mock, non-inoculated healthy control), f (CGMMV positive control without treatment), g (2.4% SP2700), h (2% Virocid), i (10% Clorox), and j (0.5% Lactoferrin)