Fig. 4

Validation of the relative expression levels of selected targets by RT-qPCR after BYDV-GAV infection. P450: cytochrome P450; ChlG: chlorophyll synthase; chlo a/b: chlorophyll a-b binding protein; GluTR: glutamyl-tRNA reductase; G-6-P: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; MgCh: chloroplast Mg-chelatase subunit. The expression of transcripts was normalized by the level of TaEF in RT-qPCR. Three biological replicates were performed for each target. Error bars represent standard errors of replicates. Statistical differences were assessed using Student’s t-tests. Double asterisks indicate a significant difference at P < 0.01