In vitro virucidal activity of Echinaforce®, an Echinacea purpurea preparation, against coronaviruses, including common cold coronavirus 229E and SARS-CoV-2

Table 2 Overview of cell lines used in the current study

Name	Animal	Tissue	Medium^a	Procured from
Huh-7	Human	Liver	DMEM + 10% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, non-essential amino acids, Pen/strep, HEPES (Biochrom, Germany)	Prof. Volker Thiel, University of Bern, Switzerland
Vero (CRL 81 TM)	African Green Monkey	Kidney	MEM + 10% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, non-essential amino acids, Pen/strep, HEPES (Biochrom, Germany)	ATCC (Manassas, VA, 20110 USA)
Vero E6 (C1008)	African Green Monkey	Kidney	MEM + 10% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, non-essential amino acids, Pen/strep, HEPES (Biochrom, Germany)	ATCC (Manassas, VA, 20110 USA)
A9 (85011426)	Mouse	Areolar adipose tissue	DMEM + 10% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, non-essential amino acids, Pen/strep, HEPES (Biochrom, Germany)	ECACC (Public Health England, Salisbury, UK)

All cells were cultured at 37 °C without CO₂
^aDulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Penicillin/Streptomycin (Pen/Strep, 100 U/mL)

ISSN: 1743-422X