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Fig. 2 | Virology Journal

Fig. 2

From: In vitro virucidal activity of Echinaforce®, an Echinacea purpurea preparation, against coronaviruses, including common cold coronavirus 229E and SARS-CoV-2

Fig. 2

Treatment of cells with Echinaforce does not inhibit HCoV-229E replication. a Direct exposure of HCoV-229E to the extract led to a permanent inactivation that could not be reverted by extensive washing. *p = 0.0129, **p = 0.0095. b Three day pre-treatment of Huh-7 cells with Echinaforce does not inhibit virus replication. c Treatment of Huh-7 cells one-hour post infection (hpi) only resulted in lower viral titers at the highest concentration (50 μg/ml). Dashed line: detection limit, 10 TCID50/ml, n.d: not detected at detection limit. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments (mean ± sd)

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