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Fig. 3 | Virology Journal

Fig. 3

From: Three kinds of treatment with Homoharringtonine, Hydroxychloroquine or shRNA and their combination against coronavirus PEDV in vitro

Fig. 3

The effect of HCQ on autophagy and inflammatory response. a, Vero cells were treated with HCQ at the time of infection for 1 h at 37 °C, washed three times with PBS, and overlaid with DMEM-2% FBS containing HCQ, and LC3B, PARP, and PEDV-N were measured by immunoblotting with specific antibodies, with actin as a control. b, Vero cells were mock-infected or infected with PEDV at 0.1 MOI in the presence of the DMSO or HCQ at 50 μM for 24 h, total RNAs were isolated and expression levels of IL-1β (left) and IL-6 (right) mRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR and normalized to that of GAPDH. These experiments were performed two times with three replicates in each experiment. Significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dennett’s multiple-comparison test. Values represent means and SD, * p < 0.05. c, Vero cells were infected with PEDV of 0.1 MOI in the presence of HCQ at 25 and 50 μM for 24 h. The infected cells were imaged by fluorescence microscopy using an Olympus IX73 microscope (magnification of 100 ×) equipped with a DP73 camera, and inserted picture is assessed under light microscopy. d, Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Each image is representative of three experiments

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