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Fig. 4 | Virology Journal

Fig. 4

From: Roles of the highly conserved amino acids in the second receptor binding site of the Newcastle disease virus HN protein

Fig. 4

Fusion promotion ability of HN mutants. BHK-21 cells were co-transfected with wt or mutated HN and wt F, while co-transfecting pBSK+ empty vector with wt F was as a negative control. a and b The results of syncytium formation assay of site-directed or fragment deletion or replacement mutants. The arrows point to the syncytium. (Magnification: 100 × ). c Quantification of content mixing of mutants measured by reporter gene method. The values were expressed as percentages of that of positive control co-transfected with wt HN and F. (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; otherwise, P > 0.05). d The photographs of R18 transfer from R18-labelled RBCs to BHK-21 cells co-transfected with HN and F. (Magnification: 200 ×)

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