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Fig. 5 | Virology Journal

Fig. 5

From: Inhibition effects of patchouli alcohol against influenza a virus through targeting cellular PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways

Fig. 5

The influence of Patchouli alcohol on host antiviral response. a A549 cells were treated with or without PA (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 μg/ml) for 2 h, and then the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt proteins was evaluated via western blotting. Blots were also probed for β-actin and GAPDH protein as loading controls. The result shown is a representative of three separate experiments. b Plots quantifying the immunoblots (as ratios to β-actin or GAPDH) for p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins, respectively. The ratios for non-treated cells (mock) were assigned values of 1.0 and the data presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3). c A549 cells were treated with Patchouli alcohol (50, 25 μg/ml) for specified time period, and then the media were removed and cells were overlaid with compound-free media. Then at 24 h p.i., the cell viability of A549 cells was measured by MTT assay. Values are means ± S.D. (n = 3). d Vir09 virus (MOI = 0.1) infected cells were treated with or without PA (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 μg/ml) for 24 h, then the content of IFN-β in the culture supernatants was detected using ELISA kits. Values are means ± S.D. (n = 3). ##P < 0.01vs. non-infected group (mock control). e and f After treatment of PA (20 or 40 μg/day) for four days in non-infected mice (e) or PR8 virus infected mice (f), the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in lung tissues was determined by using the ELISA kits for IFN-γ and IL-2. Values are means ± S.D. (n = 3). Significance: ##P < 0.01 vs. non-infected mock control group; **P < 0.01 vs. virus control group

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