Fig. 4

Involvement of PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways in the anti-IAV actions of Patchouli alcohol. a-d Vir09 virus (MOI = 1.0) infected cells were treated with or without PA (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 μg/ml) for 2 h, and then the phosphorylation of PI3K (a), Akt (b), ERK1/2 (c), and NF-κB (d) was evaluated by western blot. Blots were also probed for GAPDH, and α-tubulin proteins as loading controls. The result shown is a representative of three separate experiments. e-h Quantification of immunoblot for the ratio of p-PI3K (e), p-Akt (f), p-ERK1/2 (g), and p-NF-κB (h) protein to GAPDH or tubulin, respectively. The ratio for non-infected cells (M) was assigned values of 1.0 and the data presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3). Significance: ^##P < 0.01 vs. normal control group (Mock); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. virus control group (Vir09)