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Fig. 3 | Virology Journal

Fig. 3

From: Inhibition effects of patchouli alcohol against influenza a virus through targeting cellular PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways

Fig. 3

The influence of Patchouli alcohol on virus protein and mRNA expression. a Immunofluorescence assay of virus NP protein in H1N1 (Vir09) infected A549 cells at 2 h p.i. Scale bar represents 50 μm. b The average fluorescence intensity of NP proteins in (a) was measured by ImageJ (NIH) version 1.33u (USA) to calculate the average intensity per unit area of cells of different images (n = 30). Significance: P < 0.05, P < 0.01 vs virus control group. c Vir09 (MOI = 1.0) infected MDCK cells were treated with different concentrations of PA (10–40 μg/ml), and incubated at 37 °C for 8 h. After that, total RNA was extracted for real-time RT-PCR assay of IAV HA mRNA and cellular β-actin mRNA. The relative amounts of virus HA mRNA were determined using the comparative (2-ΔΔCT) method. RNA levels for non-drug treated cells (virus control) were assigned values of 1. Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Significance: *P < 0.05 vs. virus control group. d MDCK cells were firstly infected with IAV (MOI = 1.0), and then treated with or without PA at indicated concentrations after adsorption. At 8 h p.i., the virus NP protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. Blots were also probed for β-actin protein as loading controls. e Quantification of immunoblot for the ratio of IAV NP protein to actin. The ratio for non-treated virus control group (PR8) were assigned values of 1 and the data presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Significance: **P < 0.01 vs. virus control group (PR8)

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