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Table 1 EPG variables of different sexes of different treatments of Bemisia tabaci biotype B

From: Changes in Bemisia tabaci feeding behaviors caused directly and indirectly by cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus

Variables

Sex

NVW vs. NVP1

VW vs. NVP

VW vs. VP

Non-phloem variables

 1. Duration of 1st probe (min)

♂

1.23 ± 0.402a

0.90 ± 0.21a3

0.62 ± 0.08b

♀

1.81 ± 0.50a

0.89 ± 0.39b

1.65 ± 0.64ab*4

 2. Total number of C (#)

♂

71.64 ± 10.03a

63.61 ± 6.03a

58.28 ± 7.59a

♀

76.32 ± 7.87a

106.28 ± 12.74a**

83.82 ± 9.04a*

 3. Total duration of C (min)

♂

150.99 ± 15.17b

138.37 ± 13.80b

245.68 ± 10.26a*

♀

163.73 ± 20.13a

147.68 ± 13.61a

179.10 ± 12.39a

 4. Total number of pd. (#)

♂

18.41 ± 4.00ab

22.33 ± 4.50a

12.61 ± 2.89b

♀

15.41 ± 3.18a

20.06 ± 3.47a

15.27 ± 2.28a

 5. Time to 1st E from 1st probe (min)

♂

178.39 ± 18.68a

145.55 ± 23.20a

176.39 ± 19.40a

♀

191.29 ± 23.45a

213.20 ± 18.06a*

236.93 ± 14.81a*

 6. Total number of probes before 1st E (#)

♂

57.91 ± 9.57a

47.94 ± 6.19a

38.56 ± 6.47a

♀

62.68 ± 9.42a

82.67 ± 9.49a**

75.41 ± 10.39a*

Phloem variables

 7. Total duration of 1st E1 (min)

♂

4.21 ± 1.36b

12.98 ± 3.03a

1.59 ± 0.38c

♀

4.14 ± 1.32b

19.10 ± 11.79a

1.93 ± 0.38c

 8. Total number of E1 (#)

♂

1.82 ± 0.29b

1.11 ± 0.08b

2.67 ± 0.32a**

♀

3.18 ± 0.91a

2.06 ± 0.29a**

1.50 ± 0.16a

 9. Total duration of E1 (min)

♂

6.16 ± 1.79b

13.59 ± 2.91a**

2.73 ± 0.57b

♀

5.80 ± 1.20ab

8.45 ± 1.83a

2.57 ± 0.34b

 10.Total number of E2 (#)

♂

1.68 ± 0.25b

1.21 ± 0.08b

2.56 ± 0.32a**

♀

3.09 ± 0.90a

2.36 ± 0.19a*

1.41 ± 0.13b

 11. Total duration of E2 (min)

♂

46.83 ± 12.60ab

70.80 ± 21.69a*

33.06 ± 11.93b

♀

64.52 ± 16.79a

27.28 ± 7.21b

38.14 ± 7.83b

 12. Total number of E1 after 1st E2 (#)

♂

0.73 ± 0.26b

0.11 ± 0.08c

1.61 ± 0.35a**

♀

2.18 ± 0.91a

1.06 ± 0.29a**

0.45 ± 0.16a

 13. Total duration of E1 after 1st E2 (min)

♂

1.92 ± 1.30a

0.61 ± 0.42a

1.13 ± 0.30a*

♀

1.65 ± 0.50b

5.67 ± 1.67a**

0.54 ± 0.19b

 14. Percentage of E (%)5

♂

0.24 ± 0.06c

31.12 ± 6.85a*

9.94 ± 3.28b

♀

31.42 ± 5.67a**

18.76 ± 3.85ab

11.31 ± 2.18b

  1. 1The three treatments include: non-viruliferous B. tabaci whitefly feeding on non-viruliferous cucumber plants (NVW vs. NVP), viruliferous B. tabaci whitefly feeding on non-viruliferous cucumber plants (VW vs. NVP), and viruliferous B. tabaci whitefly feeding on viruliferous cucumber plants (VW vs. VP). 2Data are means ± SE. 3Letters immediately after the mean values represent the comparison of biotype B on plants under different treatments. Letters after the mean values indicate statistically significant among treatments (Tukey test, P < 0.05). 4Asterisks * or ** indicate a statistically significant difference between biotype B males and females on plants under the same treatments at P < 0.05 or P < 0.01. 5Percentage of E (%) = equals the percentage of total duration of E (E1+E2). EPG waveforms: C = pathway; pd = potential drop (intracellular puncture); E1 = phloem salivary secretion; E2 = phloem sap ingestion. E=E1 + E2